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£  EDUCATOR   CO.  PUBLISHERS,   DURHAM    N.  C 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


THE  COLLECTION  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINIANA 

PRESENTED  BY 


HAND-BOOK 


—  OF- 


DUNHAM 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


A    BRIEF    AND    ACCURATE    DESCRIPTION    OP    A    PROSPEROUS 
AND  GROWING  SOUTHERN  MANUFACTURING  TOWN. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


IX'RIIAM,    N.    C. 

THK    1    D  MI-ANV. 

1895. 


CONTENTS. 


PUBLH    1 

Health;  City  Government; 

and  indebtedness .  In 

ternal  Revenue ;  Buildings  and  Streets 8-10 

Water  \\'.>tkv  trie  Lights  and  G 

Telephone  and  Telegraph;  Hotels;  Hospital 11-19 

Market;  >>  b  olsand  College;  Churches;  Lodges;  Social  Club;      31-38 

PRTVATB   Ivi  1  B 

Banking 29-31 

Tobacco  Manufactories 31-41 

Textile   Manufactories 41-46 

Cigar  Manufactories 

Other  Manufactories 4^-5 1 

if  Tobacco  Brokerage 51-55 

Tobacco  Sales  Warehouses 55-58 

Miscellaneous  Enterprises 5S-62 

Insurance  and  Commission  Brokerage 62-64 

Genera]  Mercantile  Business 65-71 

Knurueration  of  Enterprises 71 

Advantages  am.  n 

Railroad   Advantages 

Industrial  ai  

Educational  Advantages 75 

Durham's  Needs 77-So 

Stati:  ob  North  C  irouna 

Some  of  Her  Products 

Climate  of  North  Carolina 85-88 

Population  of  1  88-93 

Government  and  Taxation 9396 


Hand-book  of  Durham, 


NORTH    CAROLINA. 


]  )l  IKM  [AM 

North  Carolina. 

Town,  People  and  Public  Interests. 

LOCATION   OF  TOWN. 

DURHAM  is  located  on  the  main  line  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina Division  of  the  Southern  Railway  system  (formerly 
known  as  the  Richmond  &  Danville),  and  is  the  termi- 
nus of  the  Lynchburg  &  Durham  Division  of  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  Railroad,  the  Oxford  &  Clarksville  Railroad  and  the 
Durham  &  Northern  Division  of  the  Seaboard  Air  Line  Rail- 
road. Is  twenty-six  miles  west  <>f  Raleigh,  the  State's  Capi- 
tal, ami  twelve  miles  northeast  of  Chapel  Hill,  where  is  lo- 
cated the  popular  and  progressive  State  University.  Durham 
is  the  center  of  what  is  known  throughout  tin-  commercial 
world  as  tin-  "Bright  Tobacco  Belt"  of  North  Carolina.  It 
has  a  population  of  8000,  ami  is  tin-  first  town  of  the  State  in 
manufacturing  importance.  Was  incorporated  in  [869  when 
its  inhabitants  numbered  no  more  than  _><»>,  and  owes  its  pros- 
perity in  a  great  measure  to  the  just  fame  of  its  excellent 
brands  of  smoking  tobacco  and  cigarettes,  which  is  world- 
wide, her  products  finding  a  market  in  every  civilized  and 
ivilized  quarter  of  the  globe.  Lying  in  the  famous 
Piedmont  region,  its  climate  is  equable  and  invigorating  and 

the   health  of   its    eiti/.eiis   excellent.       It   is   surrounded    by   a 

thrifty  population  of  prosperous  fanners  and  is  the  market  for 
a  dozen  contiguous  counties  of  wonderful  fertility  and  resour- 

The  town  was  named  in  honor  of  Dr.    Bartlett  Durham, 
who  donated  the  land  upon  which  tin-  warehouse  and  depot  of 

the  North  Carolina  Railroad  is  located. 

The  historical  interest  of  Durham  is  derived  from    the  fact, 
that  in  neral  Joseph   I-"..  Johnson,  near  here — at    what 

is   known   as    the    "Bennett    Place" — surrendered  to    (, 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,     X. 


Sherman,  which  ended  hostilities  between  the  North  and  South 
and  sounded  the  utter  collapse  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. 

THE  PEOPLE. 

The  rapid  strides 
which  this  town 
has  made  in  ad- 
vancing its  mate- 
rial  interests  is 
owing  primarily 
to  the  fact  that  the 
leading  busin  ess 
men  of  the  place, 
(most  of  whom  are 
old  residents),  hav- 
ing created  a  nu- 
cleus for  a  manu- 
facturing tow  n, 
determined  not  to 
BBI  rest  content  until 
recognition  was 
had  from  the  com- 
mercic  inters  of 
this  and  other 
countries.  While  at  all  times  willing  and  anxious  to  extend 
a  hand  of  welcome  to  newcomers  possessing  energy  and  cap- 
ital, they  at  no  time  relaxed  their  grasp  on  every  situation  as 
it  existed,  fully  realizing  that  outside  capital  was  to  some  ex- 
tent a  secondary  consideration  and  in  the  course  of  time  would 
naturally  flow  to  such  towns  as  had  created  a  diversity  of  per- 
manent manufacturing  enterprises,  giving  every  assurance  of 
success.  Ever  cognizant  of  the  fact  that  unless  they  utilized 
the  advantages  they  possessed,  by  creating  and  fosterir"v  new 
industries,  the  confidence  of  outsiders  would  not  K.  great 
enough  to  cause  them  to  invest  in  their  midst,  they  forged 
ahead  in  the  commendable  work  of  establishing  new  factories, 
until  to-day  the  town  has  as  great  a  diversity,  and  more  and 
larger  manufacturing  establishments — all  of  which  are  success- 
fully conducted — than  any  town  in  North  Carolina.  To  this 
cause  almost  exclusively,  is  due  the  present  prosperity  of  the 
place. 

In  addition  to  the  few  business  men  herein  referred  to,  who 
have  so  largely  contributed  in  numerous  ways  toward  the  up- 


THE    "BENNETT   PEACE. 


TOWN,  PEOPLE    AM-   PUBLIC    INTERESTS. 


building  of  Durham,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  are 
man)  others  who  have  done  much  in  bringing  forward  new 
work  and  have  aided  in  the  further  development  of  industries 
that  have  been  in  successful  operation  for  sometime, — in  fact 
the  whole  people  as  a  rule  are  thrift)  and  industrious,  and  are 
never  wavering  in  the  position  they  take  sustaining  the  in- 
of  the  town.  As  a  result  of  their  industry  and  frugal- 
ity the  percentage  of  idleness  and  lawlessness  is  as  small 
as  cav  be  found  anywhere.  Pew  manufacturing  towns 
throughout  the  whole  coun- 
try can  boast  of  as  large  a  per 
cent  <»t"  truly  good,  1  a  w- 
abiding  and  intelligent  cit- 
izens  as  can  this  progressive 
city. 

it  has  often  been  remarked 
by  visitors  and  former  resi- 
dents, that  it  is  not  the  ex- 
treme beauty  of  the  j>  1  a  c  e 
that  ha>  an  attracting  in- 
fluence, but  the  genial  and 
pushing  litics  of  her  peo- 
ple, i  ..  .I.  the  humblest  cit- 
izen, living  in  a  two  room 
to  the-  wealthiest 
manufacturer,  enjoying  the 
surroundings  of  culture  and 
refinement,  there  is  an  air  of 
contentment  and  satisfaction 
rarely  seen  among  any  peo- 
ple. This  is  due  principally 
to  the  tact  that  both  rich  and 
a  >nstantly  employed 
and  find  little  time  to  brood  and  fret  over  their  condition  in 
life,  and  as  long  as  the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  place 
continue  as  prosperous  as  they  have  been,  there  is  little  doubt 
but  what  all  will  remain  contented. 

The  majority  of  day-laborers  hud  remunerative  employ- 
ment in  the  many  factories  and  workshops  ot  the  town. 
Strikes,  that  haw  of  recent  years  been  such  an  element  of 
loss  to  both  capita]  and  labor,  is  something  entirely  foreign  to 
the  people  of  this  place,  and  a  feeling  of  security  and 


[SAAC    N.    LINK, 
Mayor  "t  Durham. 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


will  between  employers  and  those  employed  exists  in  a  larger 
degree  than  is  usual  in  manufacturing  communities. 

HEALTH. 

The  climate  ot  Durham  is  mild  and  invigorating,  and  the 
health  of  the  people  good.  The  official  record  shows  the  mor- 
tality of  Durham  for  some  years  past  to  be  less  in  proportion 

to  population  than 
any  town  in  the 
State.  For  asth- 
ma and  throat  dis- 
eases generally, 
the  climate  and 
atmosphere  is  pe- 
culiarly beneficial. 
There  h  a  s  never 
been  an  epedemic 
of  diphtheria  or  of 
any  other  kind  in 
the  past  quarter  of 
a  century.  Be- 
sides attributing 
the  cause  to  the 
sanitary  condition 
and  favorable  lo- 
cation of  the  town, 
tobacco  manufacturing  has  considerable  to  do  with  the  excel- 
lent health  of  the  people,  for  it  is  a  matter  of  record  that  an 
atmosphere  permeated  with  the  odor  of  tobacco  will  ward 
off  contagious  diseases.  The  French  noted  this  fact  some 
years  ago  and  made  it  a  subject  of  much  discussion. 

CITY   GOVERNMENT. 

The  government  and  control  of  town  affairs  is  vested  in  a 
Mayor  and  Board  of  Town  Aldermen,  who  are  annually  elect- 
ed by  the  people.  The  administration  for  years  past  has  been 
active  and  able.  The  present  Mayor  and  Board  are  in  line 
with  their  predecessors  and  are  constantly  devising  and  in- 
augurating such  new  work  as  will  prove  a  benefit  to  the  peo- 
ple they  represent  and  a  testimonial  of  merit  for  efficiency  to 
themselves. 

The  present  officers  are  :  Mayor,  Isaac  N.  Link  ;  Board 
of  Aldermen  :   Leo  D.    Heartt,    H.  J.    Bass,  A.  D.  Markham, 


DURHAM    COUNTY    COURT-HOUSE. 


G~  i\\?m.  m. 


Board  of  Aloermen. 


8  HAND-BOOK   OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 

J.  W.  Carlton,  Jas.  W.  Walker,  W.  H.  Proctor  and  C.  A. 
Jordan.  In  addition  to  these  are  the  many  appointive  officers 
of  the  town,  such  as  City  Attorney,  Street  Commissioner, 
Town  Clerk,  Treasurer,  Police  officers  and  others  who  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  Board. 

TAXABLE  PROPERTY. 

A  matter  of  interest  is  the  taxable  property  in  the  town 
which  is  annually  listed  for  taxation.  The  valuation  of 
real  estate  and  personal  property  for  1894,  as  listed,  is  $6,148,- 
614.00,  which  is  estimated  to  be  one-half  of  the  actual 
value,  and  which  exceeds  that  of  any  town  in  the  State  with 
one  exception.  This,  notwithstanding  a  number  of  towns 
in  North  Carolina  have  a  much  larger  population  than  has 
the  town  of  Durham.  Besides  this  they  are  old  places,  a 
number  of  whose  citizens  have  always  enjoyed  large  legacies 
while  not  a  single  individual  residing  in  Durham  ever  had  as 
much  as  ten  thousand  dollars  before  becoming  one  of  its 
citizens.  This  to  show  what  brawn  and  brain  have  done,  and 
can  do,  towards  building  a  town  of  commercial  importance. 

Below  is  given  the  population,  and  wealth  (as  listed)  of  the 
larger  towns  of  the  State  : 

NAME   OF   TOWN  POPULATION 

Wilmington,  N.  C, 22,000 *$6,928,9SS.oo 

Durham,  N.  C, 8,000 6,148,614,00 

Charlotte,  N.  C, 14,000    .    .            5,500,000.00 

Raleigh,  N.  C, 13,000 4,800,000.00 

Asheville,  N.  C, 10,000 4,508,000.00 

Winston,   N.   C, 8,000 3,547,463.00 

Greensboro,  N.  C., 8.000 2,146504.00 

*The  Income  tax  of  Wilmington  is  $107,932.00,  which  has  been  deducted  from  above  as 
the  other  towns  do  not  require  incomes  to  be  taxed. 

At  the  present  period  in  the  history  of  most  Southern  cities, 
an  effort  is  being  made  to  secure  desirable  immigration  and 
capital,  such  as  is  looking  southward  for  homes  and  invest- 
ment. It  will  be  well  for  all  such  to  bear  in  mind  that  the 
places  offering  the  greatest  inducements,  are  those  which  in 
earlier  years  of  their  growth  started  out  on  a  line  of  progressive 
policy,  with  no  other  assurance  of  success  but  such  as  indom- 
itble  will  and  energy  would  give. 

REAL  ESTATE,  TAXES  AND  INDEBTEDNESS. 
The  real  estate  interest  of  Durham,  although  great,  is  not 


TOWN,    PEOPLE    \M'    PI  BLIC    [NTERESTS. 


nough  to  indicate  fictitious  values.  Lots  ol  every  size 
.in.l  any  location  ran  be  purchased  at  very  reasonable  prices 
and  on  the  easiest  terms,  while  land  foi  factory  sites  can  be 
had  for  the  mere  asking.     (See  Land  Corapaii  I   inning 

lands  around  the  town,  from  a  distance  of  from  one  to  ten 
miles,  ran  be  had  at  from  $4.00  to$20.oo  pei  ording 

to  distance.  Good  plantations,  yielding  all  the  agricultural 
products  adapted  to  the  soil  of  North  Carolina,  such  as  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  rye,  clover,  cotton  and  tobacco,  can  be  bought 
at  an  average  price  oi  $10.00  an  acre,  this  in  a  radius  not 
exceeding  six  miles  from  town. 

City  taxes  for  1 89  |  are  as 
folli >\vs  on  the  one  hundred 
dollars  valuation:  For  town 
purposes  fifty  c  en  ts;  fo  r 
school  pin  poses  sixteen  and 
two-third  cents;  for  school 
bonds  five  cents;  1  mrham  6c 
Northern  railroad  bonds  six- 
teen and  two-third  cents; 
Oxford  &  Clarksville  rail- 
road bonds  ten  cents; 
making  a  total  tax  of  ninety- 
eight  and  <  »ne-third  cents  on 
the  one  hundred  dollars  val- 
uation. 

Tlu-    indebtedness  of  the 

tow  11  consists  of  railroad  and 

school  bonds.  Some 
ago  the  people  were  at  the 
mercy  of  one  line  of  railway 
and  as  a  result  ware  thor- 
oughly handicapped  Real- 
izing that  unless  a  competing 
line  should  he  put  in  operation  the  town  could  never  attain 
to  the  position  it  was  justly  entitled,  they  began  to  bestir 
themselves  until  several  liberal  propositions  were  made  them; 
one  to  vote  a  subscription  to  the  building  of  a  road  from 
Durham  to  Henderson,  a  distance  of  forty-one  miles,  connect- 
ing with  the  Seaboad  Air  Line,  and  another  proposition  from 
another  source  to  vote  a  subscription  t«>  the  building  ot  a  line 


.    MVP'S     \\       TOMS 

Superintendent 


IO  HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 

from  Durham  to  Keysville,  Va. ,  connecting  with  the  main  line 
of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  (now  the  Southern), both  of  which 
propositions  the  town  accepted,  the  acceptation  of  same  hav- 
ing since  proven  the  foresight  and  wisdom  of  the  people  of 
Durham.  The  building  of  a  handsome  public  school  edifice 
is  the  remaining  item  of  the  town's  indebtedness. 

The  entire  bond  issue  to  date  is:  Durham  &  Northern 
Railroad  $100,000;  Oxford  &  Clarksville  Railroad  $50,000; 
Graded  School  Building  $25,000;  making  a  total  indebted- 
ness of  $175,000,  less  $16,841.71  Sinking  Fund  Drrh  un  & 
Northern  railroad  bonds. 

INTERNAL  REVENUE. 

As  an  indication  of  what  the  tobacco,  cigarette  and  cigar 
manufacturing  interests  of  the  town  have  been  for  the  past  two 
vears,  there  has  been  paid  by  Durham  manufacturers  into  the 
Deputy  Collectors  office  at  Durham,  $1,241,906.87  as  a  rev- 
enue on  the  two  years  output,  which  is  exclusive  of  all  exports, 
there  being  no  revenue  tax  paid  on  same.  The  exports  for 
past  two  years,  if  revenue  had  been  paid  thereon,  would  have 
carried  the  amount  to  more  than  an  additional  $300,000. 

The  large  amount  which  these  manufacturers  annually  pay 
to  the  general  government,  will  no  doubt  soon  secure  for  the 
place  a  handsome  Federal  building. 

BUILDINGS  AND  STREETS. 

The  business  houses,  stores  and  factories,  are  nearly  all  con- 
structed of  brick — none  being  of  wood.  Some  of  the  stores, 
bank  buildings  and  factories  are  highly  ornamental  in  design, 
expensive  in  cost  and  would  do  credit  to  any  larger  city  mak- 
ing greater  pretensions  than  does  Durham.  The  residences 
as  a  rule  are  built  of  wood;  are  neat  and  substantial,  and  devoid 
of  that  architectural  sameness  which  is  such  an  eyesore  in 
many  otherwise  beautiful  towns.  Many  of  the  more  wealthy 
citizens  occupy  mansions  of  superb  architectural  splendor, 
possessing  every  convenience  and  luxury  that  ingenuity  could 
devise  or  money  procure,  and  are  surrounded  by  ornamental 
grounds  of  oriental  richness  and  magnificence. 

The  streets  run  at  right  angles  and  have  an  average  width 
of  sixty  feet  including  ten  feet  sidewalks.  All  the  main  thor- 
oughfares and  some  of  the  more  important  residence  streets 
are  paved  either  with  cobble  or  crushed  stone  in  a  substantial 


a     PEOPl  B    \M'   PI  BLIC    INTERESTS. 


w  in    with  hewn  granite  curbings.     The  streets  are  well  graded 
and  afford  delightful  diiving.     The  cit)  owns  and  opei 
modern  rock  crushei  and  steam  roller,  which  is  being  worked 
steadily  preparing  stone,  with  a  view  ol  ultimately  macadam- 
izing all  the  streets  of  the  town. 

WATER    WORKS 

\.  i  matter  of  protection,  convenience,  cleanliness,  health 
and  comfort,  a  good  suppl)  of  pure  and  wholesome  watei  is 
indispensable.  In  addition  to  the  wells  that  abound,  Durham 
is  blessed  with  a  syst<  m  ol 
water  works  second  to  none, 
if  not  superioi  toauj  system 
in  the  State.  The  source  of 
suppl)  i-  located  among  the 
hills  of  Eno,  about  se  ve  n 
miles  away.  Prom  a  cluster 
of  never-failing  springs  the 
watn  flows  into  a  large  stor- 
age pond.  From  this  supply 
pond  it  flows  b)  gravity  into 
the  settling  basin,  is  filtered  ; 
and  pumped  to  a  vertical 
height  of  225   feet  iuto  a  5,- 

000, gallon  c  i  i"  c  11  1  a  r 

reservoirfrom  which  it  passes 
through  a  suitable  system  of 
pipes  into  the  city,  the  high- 
est point  of  which  is  178  feet 
below  reservoir  level,  giving 
a  static  pressure  of  seventy 
pounds.  A  numbei  oi  fire 
hydrants  (see  Fire  Depart- 
ment)together  with  watering 
fountains  are  distributed  in  various  sections  ol  the  town.  1  he 
pumping  station  is  supplied  with   two  splendid    Dean  power 

Analysis     Solid  residue.  2  91-100  grains  per  gallon.    Chlorine,  jo-ioo 
grains  per  gallon.     Hardness,  9-1 percent     Free   Amoma  00  per  mil- 
Ron  parts.     Albuminoid  amonia,  1  100  of  one  pari   pei  million  parts,    usj 
ousumed,  7  W  per  million  parts, 

„    1,1  i.kmimn      The  water  enters  thesettling   basin  at  the 
west  end  of  building  and  passes  through  an   eight  blade  ten  inch  brass  pro- 


|.    (.'       M  h   III  I 

Dteodenl  Darhato  w.iw  i  Works, 


12 


HAXD-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    X.    C. 


pumps  of  one  and  one-half  million  gallons  capacity  each, 
driven  by  water  from  Eno  river,  in  addition  to  which  are  two 
Dean  pattern  steam  pumps,  one  of  two  million  and  the  other 
one  million  gallons  capacity  in  twenty-four  hours. 


These  works  are  complete  and  afford  a  supply  ample  in 
quantity  for  a  population  of  thirty-five  thousand. 

The  office  of  the  Durham  Water  Company,  which  is  in  the 


peller,  so  arranged  to  revolve  freely  with  the  passage  of  the  water.  This  by 
means  of  two  small  bevel  gears  and  an  upright  shaft,  operates  an  alum  pump 
of  unique  design,  consisting  of  six  hollow  arms  radiating  from  a  chambered 
hub  bent  in  the  direction  of  rotation.  This  pump  revolves  in  a  small  tank 
containing  a  dilute  solution  of  sulphate  of  Alumina  and  by  its  revolution 
each  arm  takes  up  its  modicum  of  alum  water,    passes  it  into  the  hub  and  to 


TOWN,    PEOPLE     \M»    PUBUC    IN 


13 


0" 


n 


j&m 


business  portion  of  town,  is  connected  with  the  reservoii  and 
pumping  station  !>\  telephone,  and  can  (.11  short  notice,  in 
case  of  fire,  cut  off  connection  with  resei  voir  and  pumpi 

thereb)   increasing 

the  pressure  at  will. 
There  are  at  present 
a  1> .»  u  t  five  hundred 
furnishing  wa- 
ter at  very  nu  (derate 
r  ,itn  for  domestic 
purp< 

This  compan 
which  Mi.  J.  C. 
Michie  i>  Superin- 
tendent, has  in  con- 
templation t  h  e  ex- 
t e  u  s  i  0  n  •»  t  these 
\v«>rk-  take- 

in  some  of  the  subur- 
ban parts  <>!  t  h  e 
town. 

FIRE    DEPART- 
MENT 

The  town  has  a 
well  organized  a  n  <1 
thoroughly  equipped 
F  ire  I  tepartinent. 
The  service  is  partly 
paid  but  mainly  vol- 
unteer.     Near  the  center  of  the  town  is  located  the  Fire  House 


■  ■ 

1  1KB    HOI  SK. 


the  deflector  which    sends  it   downtothe   incoming  water     The  incoming 

\inv;  received  it-  proportionati    imount  of  coagulant,  is  then  allowed 

to  remain  in  the   settling   basin    from  fi  ft)    to  sist)    mil  nable  the 

'  reaction  between  the  coagulant    and  the  bases  in  the  water  t.»  take 

•  I  t.»  permit    the   heavier   sediment,  together   with   .1  portion  of  the 

•-  «1  matter  t<.  settle  by  snbsidience   t<»  the  bottom  <>t  the  tank,  where 

il  intervals  into  •  ■ ''<•  water  with  all  the  fine 

silt  suspended  Uy  all  <■!  th  nd  other 

germs  present  in  the  water,  bound  and  held  together  by   the  insoluable  hy- 

!"  alumina   resulting   from  th.-  addition  of  the   1 
through  suitable   pipes    ind  valves  to  the  filter,  and    filling  the  tanl 
down  through  the  fine  sand  bed,  leaving   all  the  coagulated  matter  upon  it, 
and  passes  from  Bit  -auk.   bright,  clear  ana  sparkling,  | 

fitted  in  every  waj  t"r  all  dom< 


14  HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 

of  the  "Golden  Belt  Hose  Company,"  a  substantial  brick 
structure,  thoroughly  equipped  with  all  the  modern  electrical 
appliances  for  giving  alarms,  etc.  The  driver  and  a  number 
of  firemen  remain  on  duty  both  day  and  night.  The  "Inde- 
pendent Hose  Company"  is  similiarly  located  near  the  factory 
of  the  American  Tobacco  Company,  in  the  western  part  of 
town,  while  the  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  an  efficient  col- 
ored organization,  is  quartered  at  the  town's  central  stables  on 
Main  street. 

In  addition  to  Mr.  W.  C.  Bradsher,  who  is  chief  of  this  de- 
partment, there  are  sixty-five  active  members  in  the  three 
companies.  There  are  102  Fire  Hydrants  conveniently  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  city,  with  a  fire  pressure  of  140  pounds 
when  pumping  direct  from  the  supply  pond,  which  is  suffi- 
cient to  project  at  the  same  time,  ten  streams  of  water  to  a 
vertical  height  of  over  100  feet.  The  necessity  of  a  fire  en- 
gine is  thus  obviated.  There  are  eleven  signal  boxes  to  the 
alarm  system,  placed  in  convenient  localities  throughout  the 
citv.  The  system  employed  is  that  of  the  Gamewell  Fire 
Alarm  Company. 

ELECTRIC   LIGHT  AND  GAS. 

An  excellent  electric  lighting  service  is  given  the  people  of 
Durham  by  a  home  company.  This  company  was  organized 
with  a  view  to  furnishing  the  town  and  individuals,  lights  at 
the  lowest  possible  cost  consistent  with  good  service.  How 
admirably  they  have  succeeded  the  patrons  of  the  company 
will  willingly  testify.  There  are  distributed  in  various  sec- 
tions forty  Arc  lights,  while  the  number  of  incandescent 
lights  in  use  by  individual  consumers  number  many  hundred. 
In  addition  to  this  plant  which  is  the  property  of  the  Durham 
Electric  Lighting  Company,  there  are  several  other  good  size 
plants  which  are  owned  and  operated  by  private  parties  for 
the  purpose  of  lighting  their  own  factories  and  residences. 

A.  gas  company  was  organized  some  time  ago,  but  owing 
to  the  financial  stringency  of  last  year  and  the  death  of  one 
of  the  prominent  projectors,  work  on  a  plant  has  not  yet 
begun. 

TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH. 

A*o  greater  convenience  to  the  business  man  can  be  had 
than  a  well  devised  and  thoroughlv  equipped  Telephone  sys- 


Town,    PEOPLE    ani»   PUBLIC    [NTERESTS.  i  .S 

tmi.  As  complete  a  plant  as  can  be  found  anywhere  in  the 
South,  hasfora  number  of  years  been  successfully  operated 
bj  the  Southern  Bell  Telephone  Company,  who  in  addition 
thereto  has  built  a  line  from  Durham  to  Raleigh,  a  distance 
of  twenty-six  miles,  which  is  in  thorough  working  condition, 
in  constant  use,  and  is  pronounced  by  the  patrons  ol  both 
towns  to  he  almost  indispensable.  Aside  from  thissystera  a  lo- 
cal compan)  has  recently  completed  a  competitive  plant  which 
is  equal  to  the  Southern   Bell  in  service  and  less  in  charges. 

The  Western  Union  and  Postal  Telegraph  Companies  each 
have  offices  in  Durham  connecting  with  all  parts  of  the  world. 

HOTELS 

It  has  been  truthfully  said  that  the  hotels  of  a  town  are  an 
index  tothe  character  and  public  spirit  of  its  citizens.  From 
this  standpoint  Durham  cannot  tail  to  impress  the  traveler 
most  forcible. 

Hotel  Carrolina,  one  of  the  most  attractive,  costly  and  con- 
veniently arranged  hotels  in  the  South,  is  located  in  the 
center  of  the  business  portion  of  town,  on  the  corner  oi  Cor- 
coran and  Peabody  streets,  and  occupies  about  one-fourth  ol 
an  entire  square,  commanding  a  pleasing  appearance  from 
every  point  of  view. 

This  magnificent  structure  is  three  stories  high  and  is  ol 
modern  architectural  design.  Was  built  in  [893  after  care- 
fully devised  plans,  and  contains  seventy  rooms,  all  ot  which 
are  handsomely  frescoed  by  well  known  artists,  while  the 
furnishings  are  efegant  ami  expensive.  The  entire  building 
is  thoroughly  equipped  with  every  modern  appliance  for  com- 
fort and  convenience.  Is  heated  and  ventilated  by  improved 
methods  and  is  lighted  by  a  private  electric  plant. 

The  main  hall  and  office  are  decorated  in  relief,  the  style 
being  French  ''Rococo;"  the  colors  are  picked  out  in  deli- 
cate shades  of  salmon  and  blue.  The  floors  are  of  tile  in 
handsome  patterns.  The  gentlemen's  reading-room  is  deco- 
rated in  Louis  XV,  and  is  one  of  the  richest  rooms  in  the 
building.  Adjoining  this  room  is  the  ladies'  reception-room 
which  is  decorated  in  Empire  style,  the  colors  being  light 
blue  and  ivory.  This  room  opens  in  the  main  parlor  which 
is  in  Louis   XVI  style,   the  prevailing  tone  being  ivory  and 

Id.     The  ceiling  is  decorated  in  relief  and  fresco,  and 
pares  very    favorable    with    those  of  the  fine   hotels.,!   New 


TOWN,    PBOPLB    am.    PUV.II     [NTBRESTS.  17 

York.  The  dining-room  is  constructed  somewhat  on  the 
plan  of  the  old  English  dining-rooms  and  is  very  handsome. 
The  panels  in  the  ceiling  are  decorated  with  hand-wrought 
tapestries  and  are  verj  effective  and  artistic.  The  walls  are 
in  a  soft  green  shade,  decorated  with  heroldic  designs. 

Besides  the  main  dining-room,  which  has  a  seating  capacity 
of  one  hundred,  there  are  several  private  dining-rooms. 

In  appointment  and  service  the  "Carrolina"  is  unsurpassed 
by  any  hotel  North  or  South. 

Mi  Julian  S.  Carr,  one  of  the  firsl  citizens  of  North  Caro- 
lina, and  a  resident  of  the  town,  in  the  belief  that  nothing  is 
■d  for  Durham,  had  this  building  erected  and  furnished 
at  a  cost  of  $85,000.00,  not  merely  with  a  view  to  profitable 
investment,  but  from  a  public  spirit  and  desire  to  give  his 
place  of  residence  the  best  hotel  in  the  State. 

This  house  is  conducted  by  Mr.  Howell  Cobb,  an  efficient, 
affable  and  accommodating  gentleman,  who  has  large  and 
successful  experience  in  hotel  management,  and  looks  well 
after  the  com  tort  of  his  guests. 

In  addition  to  the  above  named  hotel,  "Trinity  Inn,"  a 
hotel  building  ol  extraordinary  merit,  both  in  design  and 
utility,  Is  located  at  Trinity  Park  and  is  apart  of  Trinity 
College  property.  This  Inn  was  built  for  the  purpose  of  ac- 
commodating the  students  of  the  college,  and  contains  sev- 
enty-five dormitories,  two  parlors,  a  library,  a  reading-room, 
a  dining-room  having  a  seating  capacit)  of  250,  an  office  and 
a  waiting-room.  It  is  heated  by  warm  air  and  lighted  l>y 
electricity,      [ts  saVitary  arrangements  arc-  very  complete. 

Besides  these  two  hotels  there  are  the  Hotel  Freeraont, 
Hopkins  House  and  numerous  boarding  houses. 

HOSPITAL. 

This  building   1-  situated   on   a  lot  containing   four    and 

One-half  acres.  It  is  a  groiipof  buildings,  or  a  central  Admin- 
istration building  with  ward  pavilions  on  either  side, connected 
tied  corridors.  It  is  of  modern  and  improved  architec- 
ture. Every  part  and  detail  has  been  studied  and  arranged 
mfort,  convenience  and  safety.  It  is  in  every  sense  of 
the  word  a  model  hospital;  planned  alter  careful  study  of  the 
Johns  Hopkins  and  other  noted  institutions  for  tin  care  ol  tin 
'.irk  and  maimed.     The  drawings  and   plans  were  made  by 


TOWN,    PEOPLE     wi>    PUBLIC    tNTERESTS.  [Q 

the  renowned  hospital  architects  Rand  &  Taylor,  of  Boston, 
M.t-v.  who  submitted  them  to  Dr.  Edward  Cowles,  of  Sum- 
merville,  Mass.,  an  expert  and  authority  on  hospitals.  He 
pronounced  this  "the  most  complete  low  cost  hospital  I  know 
of  in  the  world,*'  and  was  so  much  pleased  that  he  requested 
a  plan  and  perspective  to  use  in  an  important  article  on 
Hospitals,  which  he  was  about  to  publish.  Every  minoi 
detail,  in  every  room,  is  something  new  and  of  the  latest 
device  fot  ventilation,  comfort  and  convenience.  It  is  equip- 
ped from  basement  to  attic  with  all  the  modern  improvements 

for  the  care  and  attention  of  the  sick  and  wounded.  There 
is  nothing  like  it  in  the  South. 

The  central  or  Administration  building  is  two  stori< 
basement,  containing  in  basement:  kitchen,  laundry,  store- 
rooms, boiler-room,  &c.  First  Floor :  medical  office,  recep- 
tion-room, dining-room,  matron's  bed-room,  surgical  ward 
and  hall.  Second  story  :  two  special  pay  wards,  two  nurse's 
chambers,  parlor,  bath-room  and  laboratory. 

In  rear  of  the  Administration  building,  and  connected  with 
it,  is  the  operating  hall  with  its  laboratory,  closets,  etherizing 
rooms,  &C  This  has  an  approach  on  one  side  for  the  accident 
patients,  and  on  the  other  for  medical  or  nurse  students. 
I'nder  this  operating  theatre  are  located  the  autopsv  and 
mortuary  rooms.  To  the  <  ast  and  west  of  the  Administration 
building  and  connected  with  it  are  the  ward  pavilions. 
These  each  contain  a  free  ward  with  seven  beds;  two  pay 
wards,  nurse's  room,  diet  kitchen,  patient's  wardrobes,  bath 
and  laboratory. 

The  entin-  edifice  is  arranged  with  electric  lights,  electric 
bells  and  speaking  tubes,  steam  heat  and  the  latest  ventilating 
devices  known  to  science. 

This  Hospital,  furniture  and  grounds,  together  with  a 
handsome  endowment,  has  been  presented  to  the  community 
by  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Watts,  a  philanthropic  citizen  who  has  had 
this  matter  m  contemplation  for  several  \  ears,  and  has  studied 
and  examined  the  subject  of  hospitals  at  great  length  before 
coming  to  the  conclusion  that  this  was  one  of  the  most  prac- 
tical charities  a  man  could  bestow  upon  a  people. 


TOWN,   PBOPLB    AM'   PUBLIC   ivrr.ui-STS.  21 

CITY   MARKET. 

Some  years  ago  the  city  purchased  a  ver)  desirable  pi( 
propert)  on  which  was  already  constructed  a  good  size  build- 
in-,  which  has  ever  since  been  in  use  as  the  town  Market 
House.  The  structure  although  sufficient^  large  for  the 
present  needs  of  the  people,  is  the  least  attractive  of  all  the 
public  buildings,  and  will  no  doubt  soon  be  torn  down  to 
make  room  for  a  larger,  more  commodious  and  handsomer 
building.  The  market  is  at  all  times  supplied  with  the  best 
viands  ol  this  and  adjoining  counties  which  arc-  sold  at  very 
reasonable  prices 

The  matter  of  living  expenses  in  Durham  is  as  low  as  could 
be  expected  in  any  town. 

SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGE. 

The  great  and  increasing  interest  the  people  of  North  Car- 
olina manifest  in  the  cause  of  education  indicates  decided  men- 
tal improvement  The  annual  appropriations  by  State  and 
Municipal  authorities  for  this  cause  is  greatly  on  the  increase, 
and  will  not  cease  until  a  good  education  is  given  every  one 
desiring  it. 

Twelve  years  ago  the  town  of  Durham  was  without  a  pub- 
he  school  of  any  kind,  and  had  only  one  or  two  private 
schools.  To-da)  there  are  a  number  of  private  schools  and 
one  of  the  largest  graded  schools  in  the  State. 

Some  years  ago  the  town  voted  bonds  amounting  to  $25, 
000  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  graded  school  building, 
which  was  one  of  the  best  investments  the  people  ever  made. 

This  building  occupies  an  elevated  position  on  Dandy 
Street  Is  built  of  pressed  brick  and  has  two  stories  and  base- 
ment Is  heated  and  ventilated  by  an  improved  system. 
:  Assembly  hall  with  a  seating  capacit)  of  i.<  00,  and  a 
complete  library  containing   800  volumes.     On  the  first  floor 

are    tin-   superintendents  office,  and    class-rooms    tor  the   first, 

second,  third  and  fourth  grades,  while  on  the  second  floor  are 

rooms  for  the  fifth,    sixth,  seventh,  eighth   ami  ninth  grades. 

Besides  the  superintendent  there  are  twelve  teachers,  all 
of  whom  are  thoroughly  equipped  for  the  work  to  which 
they  are  assigned.  A  department  of  drawing  and  manual 
training  has  recently  been  added,  and  is  taught  in  every  grade. 
The  instructor  in  this  department  is  a  graduate  of  Pratt  In- 
stitute, Brooklyn.     The  present  scholarship  numbers 

lea  Mr.   Clinton  W.   Toms,  the  city  superintendent  of 


TOWN  \M'    PUBLIC    INT1  I 


schools,  there  are  the  following  teachers:  Messrs  k.  I,. 
Wharton,  E.  L.  Middleton,  Misses  Bettie  Blair,  Bertie  Tom- 
linson,  Nellie  Fuller,  Katie  Styron,  Nettie  Bemis,  Mesdames 
Jno,  W.  Jones,  J.  A.  Robinson,  k.  \V.  Bailey,  A.  W.Jordan 
and  J.  W.  <  roodson. 

B<  sides  this  public  school  for  white  children,  there  is 
large  public  school  foi  colored  children,  which  is  situated  on 
South  street 

Trinity  College,  a  Methodist  institution  of  learning,  is  lo- 
cated in  the  western  part  of  town.  The  Main  building  is  a 
three  story  brick  structure  of  handsome  design  and  covered 
with  slate,  [s  lighted  with 
electric  lights  from  their 
own  plant  ;  is  heated  with 
warm  air  and  ventilated  l>\ 
a  most  approved  system  of 
supplying  pure  air,  either 
warm  «>r  cold.  There  are 
>ixt\  dormitories  on  the  sec- 
ond and  third  floors;  twelve 
lecture  rooms  and  offices  and 
a  Dumber  <<\  bathing  apart- 
ments. Ha-  .i  perfect  dry 
closet  system  and  perfect 
underground  drainage.  In 
point  of  ventilation,  archi- 
tecture, comfort  and  modern 
conveniences  it  is  said  to  he 
tin-  most  complete  college 
building  in  the  state. 

In  addition  to  the  Main 
building  is  the  Technologi- 
cal building,  a  large  three 
story  hrick  structure,  to- 
gether with  the  residem 
of  the  professors  and  president.  The  College  Inn,  of  which 
mention  is  els<  where  made,  is  also  part  of  the  college  property 
and  is  not  tar  from  the  Main  building. 

use  of  the  removal  of  this  valuable  institution 

irning  frtm  Tnnit  X.  C.  to  Durham,  was  an 

o  donation  in  money  1>\  Mi.  Washington  Duke,  and  a 


I 


Kl   V      JOHN     C     KII  I 

lent  Trinity  I 


TOWN,  \M'    PUBLIC    INTERESTS. 


a  5 


gift  of  a  sixty-two  acre  tract  of  land  b)    Mr,  Julian  S.  Can, 
valued  at  more  than  £25.01  n  >. 

This  college  had  its  beginning  in  [838,  as  a  school  of 
academic  grade,  which  was  afterward  turned  into  a  Normal 
College  for  the  training  of  teachers  for  public  schools,  and 
remained  as  such  until  [859  when  it  was  chartered  as  a 
college  by  the  North  Carolina  Conference,  who  accepted  the 
transfer  of  the  property  and 
have  been  in  possession  of  same 

ev«   since. 

Dr.  John  Kilgo,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  college,  was  recently 
elected  to  that  position  and  is 
a  young  man  of  profound  learn- 
ing and  business  sagacity. 

The  Faculty  consists  of 
twelve  professors  and  one  in- 
structor. The  courses  of  in- 
struction arc  complete  in  every 
department 

A  School  <»f  Fine  Art  has 
tor  a  number  of  years  been  suc- 
cessfull)  conducted  1>\  Mrs.  E. 
I.  Bi \ an,  an  artist  of  consid- 
erable note  who  has  taken  s, ,nie 
of  the  leading  prizes  as  award- 
ed by  prominent  schools  in  the 
art  of  painting. 

A  School  of  Music  is  another  educational  feature-  that  can 
be  classed  with  the  institutions  of  learning  which  the  people 
of  Durham  now  enjoy.  This  school  is  conducted  by  Miss 
Willie  Smoot,  a  lady  possessing  all  the  advantages  and 
requirements  necessarj  for  proficiency  in  her  particular  line 
of  work. 

There  are  in  addition  to  these,  a  number  <»f  persons  who 

aie    engaged    in    educational    work    of    various    kinds   at    their 
homes. 

CHURCHES. 

The  moral  influences  of  every  community  is,  in  a  large  meas- 
ure, attributable  to  the  number  of  churches  and  church  niem- 


TKIMTY    METHODIST    CHCKCH. 


2  6 


HAND-BOOK   OF    DURHAM,    N.    C 


bership  such  community  affords;  providing  a  spirit  of  conserv- 
atism, liberality  and  independence  prevail.  True  Christianity 
can  exist  in  the  hamlet  where  there  is 
no  church  ;  in  the  village  where  there 
is  but  one  church,  but  not  successfully 
in  a  town  of  much  size  unless  there  are 
several  churches  of  pronounced  activ- 
ity in  christian  work,  for  where  the 
environments  of  a 
christian  people 
are  such  as  will 
give  an  opportuni- 
t  y  for  wrong 
doing,  there  will 
be  an  absence  of 
good  deeds  which 
are     usually     dis- 


seminated i  n 
c  oin  m  unit  y 
churches. 


MAIN    STREET    METHODIST    CHURCH. 


There  are,  i  n 
and  around  Dur- 
ham, of  various 
denominations  about  twenty  churches,  the  largest  and  most 
co>tly  of  which  is  ''Trinity"  Methodist,  which  was  remod- 
eled in  1893,  and  cost  about  $50,000.00. 

This  building  is  located  at  the  head  of  Church  street,  and 
presents  a  fine  appearance  from  Main,  the  principal  street  of 
the  town.  Is  built  of  brick  with  granite  trimmings.  The 
interior  in  arrangement,  design  and  finish,  is  convenient  and 
beautiful.  The  handsome  pews,  fine  artistic  paintings  and 
decorations  in  both  the  main  church  building  and  Sunday- 
school  rooms  are  perfect.  A  large  ornamental  pipe  organ 
occupies  an  elevated  position  in  the  rear  of  the  pulpit.  The 
pews  are  arranged  in  amphitheater  order  and  were  made  with  a 
view  to  comfort. 

The  Sunday-school  room  is  immediately  in  front  of  the 
speaker  and  has  large  folding  doors,  so  the  two  rooms  can  be 
thrown  into  one  when  occasion  requires. 

Another  church  of  same  denomination  is  the  "Main  Street" 
Methodist,  a  large  brick  structure  on   Main  street,  somewhat 


TOWN,    PE<  »PLE     wi»    PUBLIC    l\Tl  ; 


^ 


arch  was  built  princi- 
of  this  denomination, 
membership,  and  the 


in  the  western  part  of  town.  This  ch 
pally  on  account  of  the  rapid  increase 
which  was  too  large  for  a  one-church 
growth  of  the  town  westward. 

The  conveniences  <>!  this  building 
arc   all    modern    am' 
improvement 

Still    another    in 
edifice  is  that  of  tin 
mi  the  corner  oi  Ma 
streets.     This  build 
brick  with  marble 
trimmings,  and  is 
of   handsome   de- 
sign.      The    inte- 
rior   arrangement 
was  devised  espe- 
cially   f  o  r     con- 
venience and  coin- 
fort.      In  addition 
to   t  h  e   C  h  n  r  c  h 
r<»  >in     which    is  of 
pleasing      appear- 
ance,  i-  the  Sun- 
day    school    and 
class-rooms  which  are  connected  by  sliding  <! 

The  Baptist  denomination  is  well  represented  among  the 

churches  of  Durham.  Then.-  arc-  two  church  buildings,  both 
of  them  brick.  One  is  in  the  center  of  town,  on  Mangum 
street,  and  the  other  in  the  western  part  <  >f  town,  mi  Chapel 
Hill  street.     Sunday-schools  are  connected  with  both. 

The  Episcopal  church  is  a  neat  and  substantial  frame  build- 
in-  on  tin-  eastern  end  of  Main  stnet.  The  membership  is 
not  very  large,  but  considering  the  fact  that  some  few  years 
ago  there  wen.-  scarcely  n<>  Episcopalians  in  Durham,  the 
increase  has  been  quite  rapid. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  named    churches    there  are  the 

Christian  denomination  and  the  Primitive  Baptist,  both  of 
which  own  church  property  in  town. 


PRESBYTER! \N 


28 


HAND-BOOK   OF   DURHAM,    N.    C. 


FIRST    BAPTIST   CHURCH. 


SECOND   BAPTIST    CHURCH. 


LODGES  AND  SOCIAL  CLUB. 

There  are  nine  Lodges  of  various  orders  in  Durham.  The 
Masons  are  represented  by  three  lodges  ;  the  Odd  Fellows 
by  three,  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  Royal  Arcanum  and 
Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen  by  one  each.  These 
lodges  have  a  fajr  membership  and  are  reported  as  being  in  a 
prosperous  condition. 

The  Golden  Belt  Club  is  a  social  organization  and  has  a 
large  membership.  Their  rooms  are  in  the  Parrish  Building 
on  Mangum  street,  and  consist  of  reading-,  card-,  and  billiard - 
rooms. 


Private  Interests. 


BANKING. 

Prominent  among  the  leading  business  interests  of  Durham 
is  that  of  banking.  Prior  to  [879,  such  little  banking  as  was 
required  was  transacted  through  various  outside  banks.  There 
are  now  in  successful  operation  in  the  place,  three  well  con- 
ducted institutions  <>f  this  kind,  all  of  which  are  doing  a  large 
and  increasing  business. 


Till-.    MOREHEAD    BANKING    COMPANY. 

This  hank  derives  its  name  from   Mr.    Eugene  Morehead 
1  now   deceased),    who    was    the    pioneer    hanker   of    Durham. 

and   has   a   capital    of    $200, .00, 

with  surplus  and  undivided  profits 
The  building  this 
com  pan)  occupies  is  a  two  story 
brick  building  with  stone  and  glass 
plate  front,  in  the-  rear  of  which  is 
a  large  and  well  constructed  vault. 
This  property  was  bought  by  them 
from  the  trustees  of  W.  T.  Black- 
said    Blackwell    having   built 

same  for  a    hank    building    at  a  cos'. 
-  {7.OOO. 00. 

The  present  officers  of  this  insti- 
tution are:  \V.  11.  Willard,  presi- 
dent ;  J.  T.  Pinnix,  vice-president  ; 
W.  M.  Morg  in,  cashier. 

Mr.  Willard,  besides  being  presi- 
dent of  this  bank,  is  also  president 
of  the  k.  F.  Morris  &  Sou  Manu- 
ing  Company,  and  the  Willard 
M  inufacturing  Company,  and  owns 
stocks  in  various  other  enterpi 
ability  as  a  financier. 

Mi.  W.  M.  Morgan,  the  cashier,  in    i^  ted  a  posi- 

tion with  Mr.  Eugene  Morehead  in  Durham's  fust  hank,  and 
onnected  with  same  a-  cashier  until  tin-  formation  of 


MORBHBAD    BANK    BUILDING 

[s  1  man  of  pr<  mounced 


30 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


the  above  named  company,  with  which  he  has  been  ever  since. 
Being-  trained  in  the  practical  school  of  banking,  Mr. 
Morgan  possesses  those  requirements  which  are  necessary  in 
the  office  of  trust  he  so  acceptably  fills.  Besides  being-  a 
director  in  the  Morehead   Banking  Company,    he  is  a  director 

in  the  Watts  Coal 
and  Iron  Compa- 
nv  of  Birming- 
ham, Ala. ;  The 
Durham  Fertilizer 
Company  of  this 
place,  and  the 
Philadelphia 
Laud  and  Trust 
Company  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

FIRST  NATIONAL 
BANK. 

This  bank  was 
organized  in  No- 
vember 1887,  with 
a  capital  of  $100,- 
000.00,  which  has 
since  then  been 
increased  to  $150,000.00.  Mr.  Julian  S.  Carr  is  president  of 
this  institution  and  Mr.  Leo.  D.   Heartt  is  cashier. 

The  building  occupied  by  this  bank  is  on  the  northeast 
corner  of  Main  and  Corcoran  streets,  and  was  built  by  them 
about  two  years  ago  at  a  cost  of  $40,000.00.  Is  of  pressed 
brick  with  granite  and  brown  stone  trimmings,  and  has  three 
stories  and  basement.  The  lower  floor  is  occupied  by  the 
bank,  while  the  second  and  third  floors  are  in  use  as  law  and 
other  offices. 

The  arrangement  of  the  various  departments,  vault,  heaters, 
office  furniture  &c. ,  were  made  with  a  view  to  comfort  for  the 
officers  and  employees  of  the  bank,  and  expeditious  and  per- 
fect accommodation  to  the  public. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Carr,  the  president,  is  connected  with  almost 
every  stock  company  in  Durham,  and  to  him  is  due  the  credit 
of  establishing  this  bank. 

Mr.  Leo.  D.  Heartt,  the  cashier,   having  been  engaged  in 


FIRST   NATIONAL    BANK   BUILDING 


rim  ATE    i  Nil  i 


3  J 


the  various  offices  of  banking  for  many  years,  thoroughly 
understands  the  wants  of  a  commercial  people  and  is  quick 
to  have  them  supplied.  [s  .1  director  of  the  D.  &  X. 
R.  R  ,  The  Educator  Co.,  and  is  an  Alderman  of  the  town. 


Ukiciii    BLOCK. 
Home  ol  The  Fidelity  i 


THE    FIDELITY 
BANK. 

This  institution 
rga  n  i  z  ed 
January  i-t,  [888, 
with  the  compara- 
tively small  capi- 
tal   Of    $50,000.(  H  >. 

( >!i    January      1  si 

the     cajnta 

was    increased    t<» 

Since 

Tganization 

tliis  bank  has  paid 

out   in    dividends 

aid    has 

a  >nrplus  of  $31  >.- 

000.00  and   holds 

over  $5,000.00  as  undivided  profits. 

The  home  of  this  bank  is  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Main 
and  Corcoran  streets,  and  has  every  requisite  necessary  for 
comfort  and  convenience. 

Mr.  I'..  X.  Duke,  the  president,  is  one  of  the  managing 
directors  of  the  W.  Duke,  Sons  &  Co.  branch  of  The  Amer- 
ican Tobacco  Co.,  and  has  many  investments  in  the  town. 

Mr.  J.  F.  Wilv.  the  cashier,  is  ever  alive  to  the  best  interest 
of  The  Fidelity  Hank,  to  which  his  entire  attention  is  given, 
and  as  a  result,  has  made  many  friends  and  customers  during 
the  short  period  he  has  presided  as  its  cashier. 

TOBACCO  MANUFACTORIES. 

The  greatest  manufacturing  interest  of  Durham  is  that  of 
manufacturing  tobacco.  There  are  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  this  product  five  factories;  two  of  which  are  among 
the  largest  in  the  world  in  their  particular  line.  (  me  ot  these 
manufacture  cigarettes  and  smoking  tobacco  ;  another  smok- 
ing tobacco  in  the  form  of  granulated,   long   and   plug-cut  ; 


32 


HAND-BOOK   OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


another  granulated  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff  another 
granulated  smoking  tobacco,  and  the  other  plug  tobacco 
exclusively. 

The  annual  output  of  these  five  factories  is  simply  immense, 
amounting  in  money  to  millions  of  dollars,  and  is  shipped  to 
every  known  part  of  the  civilized  globe.  Thousands  of  hands 
are  employed  in  these  few  factories,  receiving  payment  for 
their  labor  every  week,  a  large  amount  of  which  is  distributed 
among  the  merchants  of  the  town. 

BLACKWELL    DURHAM    TOBACCO    COMPANY. 

In  1865,  in  a  small  building  where  now  stands  the  immense 
tobacco  works  of  the  above  named  company,  Mr.  J.  R.  Green, 

in  a  crude  way  was  manu- 
facturing what  to-day  is 
known  the  world  over  as 
the  most  popular  brand  of 
smoking  tobacco  in  exist- 
^B|     ~  ence,     viz  :    the     celebrated 

J  m  ''Bull   Durham."      In    1870 

Mr.    J.    S.    Carr    purchased 
k'  £?       B&     from  Messrs.   W.    T.    Black- 

well  and  J.  R.  Day  (who  had 
previously  bought  all  inter- 
est and  title  in  said  business) 
an  equal  partnership,  and 
under  the  firm  name  of  W. 
T.  Blackwell  &  Co.  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  this  and 
foreign  countries  was  had. 
Mr.  Day  shortly  after,  sold 
his  interest  to  his  partners  who  still  continued  under  the  same 
firm  name  until  1883, when  Mr.  Blackwell  retired,  and  under 
the  name  of  the  Blackwell  Durham  Tobacco  Company  a  charter 
was  granted  to  Messrs.  J.  S.  Carr,  M.  E.  McDowell,  Samuel 
H.  Austin,  Jr.,  and  Jno.  A.  McDowell,  to  continue  the  bus- 
iness of  manufacturing  smoking  tobacco. 

From  an  insignificant  factory  in  1865,  to  the  large  "and 
extensive  business  of  1883,  much  could  be  said  which  would 
require  a  good  size  volume  to  fill,  suffice  it  to  say  that  this 
great  achievement  in  so  short  a  time,  was  principally  due  to 
the  executive  ability  of  Mr.  J.    S.    Carr,  who  presided  at  the 


JULIAN    S.    CARR, 
Pics' t  Blackwell  Durham  Tobacco  Cc 


PRIVATE    i\  i  1  RESTS. 


33 


helm  .is  financier  during  these  years  of  growth  and  prosperity, 
and  since  then  as  president,  continued  to  direct  the  affairs  ol 
this  corporation  to  such  an  issue  as  to  make-  it  an  institution 
of  immense  profit  t<>  the  stockholders,  as  well  as  a  pride  to 
themselves  and  the  whole  State. 

This  factor)  is  located  opposite  the  passenger  depot  of  the 
Southern  Railway,  [s  a  foui  story  brick  building  with  an 
eastern  and  western  wing  of  sam.-  height,  together  with 
machine  sh6p  building  and  engine  and  boiler  house  On  the 
premises  are  largeand  convenient!)  arranged  stable  buildings, 
fire  house,  lumber  and  storage  houses,  besides  eight  immense 
buildings  for  the  storage  of  leaf  tobacco,  one  of  which  is  five 
stories  high  with  a  storing  capacity  of  three  million  pounds. 
In  addition  to  these,  this  company  has  in  various  sections  of 
the  town  a  number  of  other  houses  used  for  the  same  purpose, 
all  of  them  being  constantly  filled  with  the  natural  leaf.  In 
all,  this  company  owns  buildings  with  a  capacity  of  [ 0,000,- 

pounds  outside  of  their  manufacturing  buildings,  which 

enables  them  to  carry  a  two  years  supply  of  the  unmanufac- 
tured product 

The  main  factory  building  is  well  proportioned.  Is  sub- 
stantial and  attractive,  and  contains  twelve  departments  for 
various  manufacturing  purposes,  each  of  which  has  a  super- 
intendent with  a  general  superintendent  in  charge  of  the 
whole  works.  <  mi  the  first  floor  an-  the  granulating,  shipping, 
bag  manufacturing  departments  (see  I  folded  Belt  Mfg  Co.  1  and 
business  offices.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  stamping,  print- 
ing, paper-box  making,  storage  and  supply  departments  and 
storekeeper's  quarters.     <  >n  the  third  floor  are  trie  packing, 

w ]  printing,  and  wood  box  making  departments,  while  on 

the  fourth  floor  is  the  flavoring  department 

The  entire  building  is  provided  with  fire  escapes,  is  heated 
m,  and  lighted  at  night  by  their  own  electric  plant 
Every  department  is  well  ventilated,  and  every  convenience 
applied  tor  the  health  and  comfort  of  employees.  The  busi- 
ffices,  adjoining  which  the  president  has  his  private 
office,  is  large  and  well  supplied  with  safes,  vault  and  office 
furniture.  Prom  the  president's  office  to  every  part  of  the 
building  is  arranged  a  system  of  electrical  call-bells. 

This  com  pan)  employs  500  hands;  has  a  capital  stock  of 
,000  and  a  manufacturing   capacity  of  eight  million 
pounds  of  smoking  tobacco  j»er  annum. 


k 


Hill 
Hi 


Factory  Building  of  the  Blackwell  Durham  Tobacco  Co. 


PRIVATE    [NTERESTS. 

Mi.  |uli. in  S.  Can,  the  president  of  this  company,  has 
spent  the  larger  portion  of  his  life  in  developing  the  indus- 
trial Interests  of  Durham.  Besides  the  herculean  task  of 
supervising  and  directing  his  own  interests  as  principal,  he 
has  innumerable  duties  to  perform  as  an  officei  and  director  of 
many  industrial  and  charitable  institutions.  His  investments 
ittered  all  over  the  country  in  manufacturing,  mining 
and  farming  operations,  never  losiug  sight  of  the  fact  however 
that  Durham  is  his  first  consideration.  His  ability  as  a  finan- 
cier and  executive  is  acknowledged  in  that,  that  liis  counsel 
and  aid  is  so  universally  sought  in  every  undertaking  through- 
out the  State.  He  is  president  of  the  First  National  Hank; 
the  Golden  Belt  Manufacturing  Co.;  the  Durham  Electric 
Lighting  Co. ;  the  Bessemer  Mining  Co. ;  the  Southern  Manga- 
nese Co.;  the  Greensboro  Female  College  Directory;  the 
North  Carolina  State  Agricultural  Society  and  the  X.  C. 
Steel  &  lion  Co.  Is  a  director  in  the  Commonwealth  Cotton 
Mills;  the  Lynchburg  &  Durham  Railroad;  the  Oxford  & 
Clarksville  Railroad.  Is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  State  University;  a  Directorof  the  Oxford  Orphan  Asy- 
lum and  the  Soldiers'  1  Lome. 

As  fust  vice-president  of  the  Southern  Immigration,  Land 
and  Title  Company,  which  was  recentl)  organized  under  the 
law- of  Virginia,  (the  purpose  of  which  is  to  secure  for  the 
South  desirable  immigration)  Mr.  Carr  will  aid  in  doing  a 
good  work  for  North  Carolina  in  developing  her  untold 
resources. 

THE    W.    DUKE,     .s«>.\'S     &     CO.      BRANCH    OF     THE     AMERICAN 
TOBACCO   COMPANY. 

At  the  close  of  the  war,  in  [865,  W.  Duke  went  from  the 
army  to  his  farm  in  Orange  (now  Durham)  county.  He  had 
but  little  left  i  xcept  his  bare  plantation,  four  children  and  a 
Lot  of  leaf  tobacco.  How  to  provide  a  living  for  his  chil- 
dren was  the  question  that  confronted  him.  Ready  money 
was  necessary,  so  he  concluded  that  the  speediest  manner  by 
which  to  secure  this  was  to  sell  the  tobacco  which  had  become 
old  and  mellow  laying  in  his  ham.  I  Ic  crushed  it  with  a  grain 
flail,  separated  it  with  a  hand-seive,  packed  it  in  -rain  sacks 
containing  about  thirty  pounds  each,  loaded  it  on  his  v. 
hitched  up  his  mules  and  carried  it  through  the  country,  sell- 
■rtunitv  offered.  This  venture  was  profitable,  and 
tion  that  he  continued  to 


36  HAND-BOOK   OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 

make  frequent  trips,  leaving  his  boys  at  home  to  prepare  the 
goods  in  an  old  barn,  sixteen  feet  square,  as  well  as  to  con- 
duct the  farming  operations.  In  a  few  years,  by  strict  econ- 
omy, attention  to  business,  sobriety  and  industry,  he  was 
enabled  to  build  a  log  factory  20x30  feet,  one  story  high. 
His  sphere,  however,  was  limited  and  contracted  in  the  coun- 
try; therefore,  in  1874,  he 
moved  his  family  and  busi- 
ness to  the  village  of  Dur- 
ham. 

Here,  with  his  two  sons, 
B.  N.  &  J.  B.,  he  estab- 
lished the  copartnership  of 
W.  Duke  &  Sons.  His 
other  son,  B.  L.  Duke,  was 
manufacturing  smoking  to- 
bacco in  the  same  vicinity 
on  his  own  account. 

In  March,  1878,  these  two 
factories  were  consolidated, 
and  Mr.  Geo.   W.  Watts,  of 
Washington  duke.  Baltimore,    became    a    part- 

ner with  Mr.  W.  Duke  and 
his  three  sons,  the  firm  name  then  becoming  W.  Duke,  Sons 
&  Co,,  a  title  which  in  a  few  years  became  so  favorably 
known,  not  only  in  this  country,  but  throughout  the  civil- 
ized world. 

In  1890,  upon  the  formation  of  the  American  Tobacco 
Company,  this  concern  became  one  of  its  branches,  and  its 
youngest  member,  Mr.  J.  B.  Duke,  was  elected  president  of 
the  consolidation  with  offices  in  New  York. 

The  factory  in  Durham  is  an  immense  brick  structure, 
covering  three  sides  of  a  block,  with  additional  engine,  boiler, 
dvnamo  and  machine  houses,  It  is  a  four-story  and  base- 
ment, with  a  floor  area  of  185,700  square  feet  (or  over  four 
acres),  with  every  modern  convenience  that  could  be  adapted 
to  a  factory  building,  as  well  as  everything  for  the  promotion 
of  the  safety  and  comfort  of  the  employees,  such  as  fire  es- 
capes, fire  company,  ice  water,  dressing-rooms,  steam  heat, 
fans  in  summer  run  by  steam,  sanitary  closets,  etc.  They 
make  their  wood  and  paper  boxes,  tobacco  sacks,  labels  and 
many  of  the  implements  used  in  their  business.     The  mag- 


l'KI\   \  11       I\  I  $J 

nificent  offices  are  connected  with  all  parts  of  the  factory  by 
telephone,  speaking  tubes  and  electric  bells.  They  have  a 
daily  production  of  three  million  cigarettes  and  ten  thousand 
pounds  of  smoking  tobacco.  In  addition  to  the  main  factory 
building,  they  have  in  various  parts  of  the  town  storage 
houses,  in  which  are  stored  millions  of  pounds  of  the-  natural 
leaf. 

The)  employ  over  8<  •<  ■ 
hands,  and  do  an  annual 
business  of  $  }."■  ■•  >,<  x » ».  It 
we  had  space  to  go  into  de- 
tails of  this  mammoth  and 
successful  institution,  it 
would  read  like  a  romance. 
It  is  one  of  which  our  town 
and  State  should  feel  proud, 
ubsistence 
to  so  many  people  and  de- 
riving its  revenues  from  the 
entire  world. 

The  managing  directors 
of  this  branch  arc  Mr.  B. 
N.  Duke  and   Mr.  Ceo.  W. 

Watts.  Mr.  Duke  has  been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
o  ever  since  he  was  a  hoy,  and  is  a  thoroughly  prac- 
ticed man;  is  president  of  the  Erwin  Cotton  Mills  Company; 
president  of  the  Fidelity  Bank,  and  is  a  stockholder  and 
director  in  various  other  enterprises;  is  deeply  interested  in 
church  and  educational  work,  and  is  a  large  contributor  to 
these  and  other  institutions  of  like  kind. 

Mr.  (»co.  W.  Watts  came  to  Durham  in  the  spring  of  1878, 
and  through  him  W.  Duke  &  Sons  and  B.  L.  Duke  were  led 
to  consolidate,  he  becoming  an  equal  partner  with  these  four 
gentlemen.  In  [885  the  firm  of  W.  Duke  Sons  &  Co.  was 
incorporated,  and  Mr.  Watts,  on  account  of  his  peculiar  t|t- 
ind  superior  knowledge  of  commercial  and  financial 
-  made  secretary  and  treasurer.  In  his  business 
career  he  has  been  very  successful;  has  invested  most  of  his 
earnings  right  lure  at  home,  making  work  and  wages  for  the 
people,  thus  becoming  one  of  the  prime  factors  in  the  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  town.  His  recent  gift  to  the  town  of 
the  handsome  hospital  building,  together  with  a  magnificent 


Factory  Building  of  W  Duke  Sons  &  Co  Branch  cf  the  Amer.  Tobacco  Co. 


PRIVATE    I  Ml  i 


39 


endowment,  is  evidence  of  his  true  merit,  as  are  also  his 
munificent  gifts  for  church  and  othei  purposes.  He  is  inter- 
ested in  man)  cotton  mills  and  hanks  of  the  town  and  State, 
and  various  other  enterprises  of  Durham,  liis  advice  and 
counsel  being  sought  for  in  all  of  them.  He  is  presidenl  of 
the  Pearl  Cotton  Mills,  and  is  a  director  in  many  of  the  com- 
panies in  which 
he  holds  stock, 
and  is  also  a  di- 
rector in  the  Dur- 
ham &  Northern 
Railroad  a  n  <1 
Lynch bui  g  & 
I  hirhani  Railroad. 
I  [e  was  a  mem- 

tin-    hoard 

of  town    commis- 

-    that  start- 

ed    paved    streets 


in  Durham,  and  a 
member  of  anoth- 
er hoard  that  in- 
troduced   our 

splendid   system  <>t"  water   works,  and   -ranted  ordinances   for 
the  building  of  several   railroads. 


rOBACO 


THl'.   /..    I.    LYON    .v    V".    TOBACCO    WORKS. 

This  factory  was  established  in  [868,  under  the  firm  name 
of  X.  I.  I, von  &  Co.  The  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs,  '/.. 
I.,  and  J.  Ed.  Lyon,  in  [887,  sold  the  entire  business  to  Mr. 
!•"..  J.  l'arrisli,  a  gentleman  of  large  experience  in  tlu-  tobacco 
trade,  who,  for  main  years,  had  successfully  conducted  a 
0  warehouse  for  the  sale  of  the  natural  leaf,  and  dur- 
ing that  period  was  a  large  broker  in  t<>l>acco,  his  sales  ex- 
tending to  all  parts  of  this  and  many  European  countries. 

The  factory  buildings  of  this  company  are  situated  on  the 
corner  of  Pettigrew  and  Pine  streets.  The  principal  building 
is  a  three  story  brick  structure,  and  was  erected  exclusively 
for  a  tobacco  manufactory.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  pack- 
in-  and  stamping  departments  and  office,  while  the  second 
and  third  floors  an-  for  granulating  and  storage.  The  output 
ut  this  insists  of  granulated  smoking  tobacco,  cigars 


40 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


and    cheroots.      The    principal   brands  are    "Pride  of    Dur- 
ham," "Cut  and  Slash,"  and  "Picked  Leaf." 

Mr.  Parrish,  besides  successfully  conducting  this  business, 
is  operating  a  tobacco  warehouse  for  the  sale  of  leaf  tobacco; 
is  one  of  Durham's  foremost  business  men,  and  is  ever  alive 
to  the  interests  of  the  town. 


THE    R.     F.     MORRIS    &    SON    MANUFACTURING    COMPANY. 

This  business  was  established  in  1865  by  Robert  F.  Mor- 
ris,  one  of  the  pioneer  tobacco    manufacturers  of  Durham. 

After  his  death,  in 
1872,  the  same  was  pur- 
chased bv  Messrs.  W. 
H.  Willard  and  S.  F. 
Tomliuson,  and  under 
the  corporate  name  of 
The  R.  F.  Morris  & 
Son  Manufacturing  Co. , 
have  conducted  the  bus- 
iness ever  since. 

The  factory  is  a  three- 
story  brick,  with  large 
two-story  frame  build- 
ing connected  by  pas- 
sage way  from  the  sec- 
ond story  of  one  to  the 
second  story  of  the 
other.  Both  of  these 
structures  are  situated 
on  Peabody  street,  im- 
mediately in  the  rear  of 
the  "Southern"  pas- 
senger depot.  This  concern  manufactures  a  number  of  pop- 
ular brands  of  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff,  among  which  is 
the  celebrated  "Eureka  Durham,"  one  of  the  finest  brands 
of  granulated  tobacco  known  to  the  trade.  As  snuff  manu- 
facturers they  have  no  superior  competitors,  and  find  ready 
sales  for  all  the  goods  they  can  put  up. 

The  three  floors  of  the  brick  building  are  employed  as 
various  departments  for  granulating,  packing  and  stamping, 
while  their  frame  building  is  used  as  departments  for  snuff 
grinding  and  storage  of  the  natural  leaf. 


1 

1 

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FACTORY  OF   R.     F     MORRIS    &   SON    MFG.   CO. 


PRIVATE    tNTERESTS.  |i 

Mr.  \V.  II.  Will. ml,  tin-  president,  is  connected  with  vari- 
ous manufacturing  and  banking  institutions  throughout  the 
State,  eithei  as  an  office]  <>i  director.  \s  president  of  the 
Morehead  Banking  Company  of  this  pi  ice. 

Mi.  S.  F.  Tomlinson,  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  has  the 
management  <>!'  these  works,  and  has  succeeded  in  creating  a 
husiiu-.s  that  is  will  known  t<.  the  trade. 


Till'     |.     \.     WHITTED    T(  >B  u  v<  i   i  OMPANY 


The  factory  <>t"  this  company  is  a  three 
ing,  located  on  Pettigrew  street  The  bu 
cern  is  manufacturing  plug 
tobacco  exclusively. 

In  iss4  M,-.  J.  y.  Whitted 
moved  his  works  from  I  [ills- 
boro,  and  conducted  same  1>\ 
himself  until  [889,  when 

named  company  was 
formed.  The  popular  brands 
un<k-r  which  tin-  product  <>f 
this  compan)  .in-  manufact- 
ured an-  extensively  known, 
having  been  on  tin-  market 
lor  a  number  of  years. 

The  entire  management  of 


story 
iiness 


brick  build- 
of  this  con- 


\\  hii  iM.  roB  \'(  "  1  \«  o.k\ 


this  factory  is  under  tin-  personal  supervision  of  Mr.  [.  v. 
Whitted,  who  thoroughly  understands  tlu-  art  of  making 
good  chewing  tobai 

TEXTILE   MANUFACTORIES. 

This  is  comparatively  a  new  manufacturing  interest  of  the 

town,  as  three  out  of  the  four  factories  have  recently  been 
established.  The  Durham  Cotton  Manufacturing  Company, 
the  oldest  one  in  the  place,  began  operation  in  [885,  and 
from  the  start  was  .0  successful  that  a  determined  effort  was 
made  to  inaugurate  more  factories  of  this  kind,  and  as  a  result 
three  more  win-  built  and  all  of  them  an-  now  doing  a 
good  business.  The  combined  capital  invested  in  these  four 
mills  is  %•}  giving  employment  to  940  hands. 

Tin-:    DURHAM    COTTON    MANUFACTURING    COMPANY 

was  in  .     and   started  work  in   the  Spring  of 


42 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


1885,  with  a  capital  that  has  since  grown  to  $150,000.00.  The 
main  building  is  a  large  four  story  brick  structure,  75x150 
feet,  in  addition  to  which  are  the  weave  sheds,  picker  building 
and  engine  and  boiler  rooms.  There  are  11,016  spindles  and 
244  looms  at  regular  work  manufacturing  brown  sheetings, 

domets  and  chambrays.  On 
the  premises  are  a  large  num- 
ber of  tenement  houses  for 
the  employees  and  their  fam- 
ilies, 225  of  the  number 
being  daily  employed  in  this 
mill. 

J.  M.  Odell,  the  president 
of  this  company,  is  a  gentle- 
man of  large  and  varied 
experience  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  cotton  goods,  being 
identified  with  a  large  num- 
ber of  mills  throughout  the 
State,  not  simply  as  a  stock- 
holder but  as  an  officer  who 
conducts  the  management 
of  affairs. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Branson,  the 
secretary  and  treasurer,  has 
filled  this  position  ever  since 
the  formation  of  the  com- 
pany, and  also  acceptably 
fills  the  same  office  with  the 
Pearl  Cotton  Mills.  Besides  his  duties  as  secretary  and  treas- 
urer, he  has  almost  the  exclusive  management  of  both  mills, 
and  looks  well  after  the  interests  of  all  concerned. 

Not  far  from  this  factory  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  employ- 
ees, are  two  well  constructed  and  roomy  church  buildings,  one 
of  Methodist  denomination  and  the  other  of  Baptist,  each 
conducting  Sunday  schools  of  large  membership. 

THE    ERWIN    COTTON    MILLS    COMPANY 

was  organized  April  20th,  1892,  and  has  a  paid  in  capital  of 
$250,000.00.  This  mill  is  a  large  brick  building  located  in 
the  western  part  of  town,  and  is  thoroughly  equipped  with 
the  latest  improved   machinery   throughout.       There  are  in 


W.    H.    BRANSON, 

Sec't.  and  Treas    Durham  Cotton  Mfg.  Co 


Factory  of  the  Durham  Cotton  M  f'g  Co 


Factory  of  the  Commonwealth  Cotton  M  f  g  Co. 


44 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


constant  operation  11,000  spindles  and  360  looms,  manufact- 
uring fine  muslin,  chambrays,  camlets  and  denims.  The 
main  building  is  75x347  feet,  two  stories  high.  Besides  the 
main  building  is  the  engine  house,  picker  building,  dye  house, 
boiler  room,  &c.      Mr.  B.  N.  Duke,  of  W.  Duke,  Sons  &  Co., 

is  president;  Mr.  Geo.  W. 
Watts,  of  the  same  firm  is 
vice-president, and  Mr.  W.  A. 
Erwin  is  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. Mr.  Erwin  has  large 
experience  in  the  cotton  bus- 
iness, having  for  a  number 
of  years  been  connected  with 
Messrs.  L.  B.  &  L.  S.  Holt, 
of  Alamance  county. 

This  mill  employs  375 
hands,  all  of  whom  reside  on 
the  premises  in  nice  and  con- 
veniently arranged  houses 
belonging  to  the  company. 
For  the  convenience  of  these 
employees  there  has  been 
built  in  close  proxiinitv  to 
this  mill  a  nice  church  build- 
ing. 

THE  PEARL  COTTON  MILLS 


B.    N.    DUKE, 
President  Erwin  Cotton  Mills. 


was  incorporated  1892,  and 
has  a  capital  of  $175,000.00. 
Mr.  Geo.  W.  Watts,  is  president,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Branson  is 
secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  mill  is  located  in  the  northwestern  part  of  town,  and  is 
an  immense  three  story  brick  building  80x255  feet,  with  a  two 
story  picker-room  and  engine  and  boiler  rooms.  This  factory 
is  equipped  with  the  latest  improved  machinery  known  to 
the  trade.  The  class  of  goods  this  concern  is  manufacturing 
is  extra  wide  sheeting,  from  72  to  99  inches,  no  mill  in  the 
South  making  anything  wider.  There  are  10,000  spindles 
and  160  broad  looms  in  use. 

Employed  in  this  building  are  200  hands,  all  of  whom  live 
in  houses  that  have  recently  been  built  by  this  company. 

For  the  benefit  of  these  employees  a  church  building  was 
recently  erected  on  the  premises. 


>.'r-tfl^iMWIiiii 


.'. ;   ,-!i 


^_ 


f  .  ■ 

I' 

- 


Factory  of  The  Erwin  Cotton  Mills  compa-.y. 


Factory  of  The  Pearl  Cotton  Mills. 


46 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


THE  COMMONWEALTH   COTTON    MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

was  incorporated  June  ist,  1890,  but  did  not  begin  operation 
until  January  ist,  1893.  There  was  however  some  little  work 
done  prior  to  this  time,  but  it  was  not  until  about  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year  that  active  work  began. 

The  mill  is  located  in  the  eastern  part  of  town,  and  has  a 

capital  stock  of  $125,000.00, 
and  gives  employment  to 
140  hands.  Mr.  B  L.  Duke, 
formerly  of  W.  Duke,  Sons 
&  Co.  is  president,  and  Mr. 
V.  Ballard  is  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

The  main  building  is  100 
X50  feet,  two  stories  and 
basement,  and  is  built  of 
brick.  Has  a  wing  30x50 
feet.  Has  a  new  addition 
40x75  feet,  two  stories  and 
basement.  Is  equipped  with 
all  the  latest  improved  ma- 
chinery. Has  6,400  spin- 
dles and  58  knitting  ma- 
chines in  active  operation, 
and  make  yarn  (both  white 
and  colored)  and  hosiery. 

Mr.  B.  L.  Duke,  the  pres- 
ident, is  a  son  of  Mr.  W. 
Duke,  and  is  a  gentleman 
who  has  done  much  toward 
developing  the  industrial  interests  of  Durham.  In  fact  his 
entire  income  up  to  a  year  ago  was  invested  in  town  enter- 
prises, the  outcome  of  which  has  been  a  great  help  to  the 
people. 

CIGAR  MANUFACTORIES. 

This  branch  of  manufacture  in  the  past  four  years  has 
grown  to  be  of  considerable  importance  among  the  industrial 
institutions  of  Durham,  there  being  four  factories,  all  of  which 
are  supplying  the  trade  in  every  part  of  the  United  States. 


B.    L.    DUKE. 
President  Commouwealih  Cotton  Mlg.  Co. 


PRIVATE    INT!  I 


47 


SAMUEL    KRAMER    8 

This  firm  began  business  in  Durham  in  [881,  and  is  the 
oldest  cigar  factor)  in  the  town.  The  active  member  is  Mr. 
Samuel  Kramer,  a  gentleman  of  large  experience  in  the  cigar 
who  enjoys  a  reputation  throughout  the  State  as  a  thor- 
oughly reliable  salesman,  and  a  manufacturer  of  considerable 
repute,  [n  addition  to  manufacturing  "Philopena"  "Special 
uPug,"  and  other  popular  brands  which  are  sold 
throughout  the  Southern  States,  they  are  agents  for  the  Amer- 
ican Tobacco  Co.   in  North  and  South  Carolina. 

The  building  this  com- 
pany occupj  is  a  tw(  >  story 
building  on  Main  street,  and 
is  well  suited  for  tin-  busi- 


THE    MALLORY 
CHERO  >r 


DURHAM 
CO. 


This  company  established 
themselves  in  the  cigar  and 
cheroot  business  [890,  but 
not  until  [89  I  was  the  con- 
cern incorporated.  The  cap- 
ital stock  amounts  to  $75,- 
000.00.  J.  T.  Mallorv  is 
at,  E.  C.  1  [ackney, 
secretary  and  k.  C.  Pleas- 
ants, treasurer. 

This  company  own  and 
occupy  three  brick  buildings 
on  Parrish  street,  each  of 
which  is  three  stoiirs  high, 
and  give  stead)  employment 
to  125  hands.  The  annual 
output  00  cigars  and  cheroots,  and  consists  0f  the 

following  popular  brands:  "Belle  of  Durham,"   "Pleasant's 
Choice,"    and    "Little   Sadie"    cigars,    and    "Old    Chunk" 

and    "North  State"  cheroots. 

The  success  with  which  this  company  has  nut  during  in 
short  career  has  been  remarkable,   as  the  capital  at  fust  em- 
I  was  comparatively  small  and  the  trade  to  some  extent 
prejudical  to  home-made  goods, 


.1      1      MALLORY, 

•  lent  Mallorv  Durham  Ch< t  Co 


48  HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 

W.    P.    HENRY  &  CO. 

This  factory  was  established  in  1893,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Henry,  O'Brien  &  Co.  In  August  1894  the  entire  busi- 
ness was  purchased  by  Mr.  W.  P.  Henry.  The  output  of  this 
factory  consists  entirely  of  hand-made  cigars.  Their  leading 
brands  are  "Sporting  Club"  and  "Southern  Beauty,"  both 
of  which  are  extensively  sold  throughout  the  South. 

LYON    &    REED. 

This  firm  manufactures  nothing  but  hand-made  cigars,  their 
most  popular  brands  being  "Duchess  of  Durham"  and  "Flor 
de  Lyon"  the  sales  of  which  are  large.  This  factory  is  on 
Mangum  street.  Messrs.  J.  Ed.  Lyon  and  M.  W.  Reed  are 
the  members,  and  are  both  well  versed  in  the  manufacture  of 
cigars. 

OTHER  MANUFACTORIES. 

Among  the  remaining  manufacturing  interests  of  Durham, 
of  which  mention  has  not  yet  been  made,  is  a  fertilizer  fac- 
tory, a  bag  factory,  a  soap  factory,  and  a  sash,  door  and  blind 
factory.  These  institutions  employ  a  large  number  of  hands 
and  are  of  great  importance  to  the  town. 

DURHAM    FERTILIZER    CO. 

One  of  the  largest  manufacturing  institutions  of  the  place 
is  the  Durham  Fertilizer  Company,  which  was  organized  in 
1888.  Mr.  Eugene  Morehead  (now  deceased),  together  with 
Mr.  Samuel  T.  Morgan  and  others,  conceived  the  idea  of 
establishing  a  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  commercial  ferti- 
lizers, for  which  there  is  great  demand  by  the  cotton  and 
tobacco  planters  of  this  and  other  states.  The  business  at 
the  start  being  to  some  extent  experimental,  a  capital  of  only 
$60,000.00  was  invested,  which  was  soon  found  to  be  inade- 
quate for  their  rapidly  growing  needs,  as  the  popularity  of 
their  goods  soon  created  a  business  which  demanded  their 
present  capital  investment  of  $400,000.00. 

Besides  their  works  in  Durham,  they  have  a  large  factory 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  and  the  same  stockholders,  under  the 
name  of  the  Norfolk  &  Carolina  Chemical  Company,  are  now 
constructing  immense  chemical  works  at  Pinner's  Point,  near 
Norfolk,   Va.,    from   which    to  draw  their  supplies  for  their 


PRIV  \  It      l\  I  l  Rl  STS. 


Durham  and    Richmond    factories.     Not    merel)    to  supply 

these  I  ire  they   building  these  chemical  works,  but 

to  put  their  goods  on  the  markets  of  the  woi  id  in  competition 

with  similai  plants. 

Regarding  the  Norfolk  plant,  the  Mercantile  and  Financial 

Times,   "t   New    \'< -i k,    has 

this  t<>  sj\  :      UA  stiikin^  in- 
a   of   tlu-  progressive 

tendencies  of   the    fertilizer 

business,  is  to  hi-  seen  in  the 

undertaking  sit  mi  foot  l>\ 

the  Norfolk    and    Carolina 

Chemical    Company,     n  o  w 

building     at    Norfolk,     Va. 

the  most   modern    ami  com- 
plete chemical  ami  fertilizer 

w< >rks  in  the  United  States. 

The   company   is  organized 

on  a  thoroughly  substantia] 
md  has  .m  authorized 

capita]  stock       -       ,000,  oi 

which   Si  25, is  already 

paid    in.     T  h  e    gentlemen 

identified    with    t  le   enter- 
ire    men    well    known 

in  the  business  and  financial 

circles  of    the     South,    and 

the  management  is  certain 

to  !><.•  in  the   highest  degree 

judicious  and   efficient      The    officers  are: 

President;  Geo.  W.    Watts,    Vice-President, 

tary  and    Treasurer.     *  Tin-   methods  ami  pro- 

of manufacture    will    In-  tin    best  known    to   modern 
,  and  tlu-  best  <>i   experienced  skill  will  be  brought  to 

bear  in  every   department  of  the  work.     Tlu-  establishment 

of  this  enterprising  company  is  an   event   of  marked  impor- 
tance in  tlu-  business  history  of  tlu-  "New  South."  ' 

The  president  of  the  Durham  factory,    Mr.    I..    A.   Carr,  and 

tin-  secretan    and   treasurer   Mr.   S.    T.    Morgan,  are  men  of 

ability  and  push,  and  are  the  active  managers  of  tlu-  Durham 
and  Richmond  factories  as  well  as  the  Norfolk  plant,  of  which 

Mr.  S.  T.  Morgan  1-  president,  and  Mr.  I..  A.  Carr  secretary 

and  tre  is- 


I.      \     CARR, 
-i'li  ni  Durham  Perl 


S.    T.    Morgan, 

and   U.    A-   Can, 


50 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


Mr.  S.  T.  Morgan  having  spent  a  portion  of  his  life  on  the 
farm,  engaged  in  raising  such  crops  as  are  adapted  to  the  soil 
of  North  Carolina,  and  thoroughly  understanding  the  nature 
and  fertilizing  needs  of  the  land,  is   a  master  of  the  situation 

as  regards  fertilizing  ma- 
terial. To  his  superior 
knowledge,  in  a  large  meas- 
ure, is  due  the  success  of 
this  enterprise. 

The  combined  c  a  p  i  t  a  1 
of  these  factories  is  $900,- 
000. 00. 


GOLDEN    BELT    MANUFAC- 
TURING   COMPANY. 

Until  recent  years  the 
making  of  cloth  bags  of 
every  kind  was  done  by  the 
ordinary  sewing  machine, 
and  could  not  be  made  as 
rapidly  as  was  desired. 
Realizing  that  unless  the 
cost  of  bag  making  could 
be  considerably  reduced  by 
the  introduction  of  still 
greatci  improved  machinery 
than  that  used,  the  selling 
price  would  have  to  remain 


S.    T.    MORGAN, 

President  Norfolk  &  Carolina  Chemical 

Company. 


correspondingly  high,  a  number  of  experiments  were  made 
with  a  view  to  making  machinery  that  would  do  much  more 
work  than  the  ordinary  sewing  machine,  and  finally  success 
crowned  the  efforts  of  the  experimenters.  As  a  result  of  this 
success,  this  company  runs  twenty-nine  machines  that  are 
protected  by  patent.  They  operate  in  all  forty-two  various 
machines  with  a  daily  capacity  of  80,000  salt  bags  and  180,- 
000  tobacco  bags,  and  give  employment  in  their  factory  to 
80  hands,  while  employment  is  given  to  450  more  hands  out- 
side of  the  factory,  who  are  engaged  in  stringing  bags. 

The  product  of  this  concern  consists  of  tobacco,  twin  and 
salt  sacks,  and  will  soon  begin  the  manufacture  of  seed  bags. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Carr,  president  of  the  Blackwell  Durham  To- 
bacco Co.,  is  president  of  this   company,   and  Mr.  Thos.  B. 


PRIVATE    INTERESTS.  51 

Fuller  is  general  manager.     The  capital  stock  is  | 


in  kii am   S<  >  w   \\<  >RKS. 

The  business  of  this  company  is  thai   of  manufacturing 
soap.     In  addition  to  every  variety  of   laundry   soap,   thev 

and   sizing  soap, 


of  softner 
for  washing 


warps,  fillings 


manufacture   .1    large   quantity 

which  is  used    1>\    cotton   mills 
yarns  &c.     This  plant  was  put 
in  operation  in  the  winter  of 
with   a    paid  in    capital 
e  v  e  1  j    dollar 
of  which  has  done  the  work  of 
two,   as   is   evidenced    1>\    the 
and    increasing    output 
which  already  demands  a  much 
■  c  ipital  than  is  now  em- 
ployed. 

The  product  of  this  factory 
is  sold  iu  ever)  portion  of  tlu- 
United    States.     The    weekly 

1, 1  pounds. 

The  officers  of  this  company 
an-:  J.  R.  Blacknall,  Presi- 
dent; J.  T.  Pinnix,  Vice-Presi- 
dent, and  J.  \Y.  Waikr-  Sec- 
retary  and  Treasurer.  fhe  factory  is  a  large  four  story  frame 
building  well  suited  tor  tlu-  busini 

THE    WORTHAM    WOODEN    MILLS 
was    incorporated    July     [892,    and    has    a    paid    in    capital    of 

Si  2, i»ii. i.(.i).  Mr.  ( ',.  C.  Farthing  is  president,  and  Mr.  J.  B. 
Christian  is  secretary  and  treasurer.  These  works  are  near 
two  lines  of  railroad  and  are  well  equipped  with  every  kind 
of  improved  machinery  for  tlu-  manufacture  of  sash, 
blinds,  mantles  and  general  house  furnishing  wood  materials. 
They  give  employment  to  a  number  of  hands,  all  of  whom 
an-  permanent  residents  of  tlu-  town. 

LEAF   TOBACCO   BROKERAGE. 

:    leaf  tobacco  broker*  in  Dnr- 

ill  of  whom  appear  to  be  doing  a  g 1  business.     As 

our  space  1-  somewhat  limited,  mention  will  be  made  of  only 


THOS.    1:     1  1  ia.i  i< 
Manage)  Golden  Bell  Man  I 


52 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


four  of  the  larger  firms,  who  in  addition  to  purchasing  tobacco 
for  the  American  trade,  are  exporters  to  foreign  countries. 
There  are  in  all  some  fifty  tobacco  buyers  on  this  market, 
representing  leading  manufacturers  throughout  the  country 
or  are  buying  on  speculation.  Ranking  among  these  buyers 
are  some  of  Durham's  most  progressive  and  liberal  business 
men. 


FACTORY   OF   THOS 


THOS.     H.    MARTIN. 

Mr.  Martin  came  to  Durham  in  1886,  and  purchased  the 
business  of  Dibrell  Bros.    &  Co.,   who  had  up  to  that  time 

been  prominent 
buyers  on  this 
market.  The  bus- 
iness, under  Mr. 
Martin's  watchful 
care,  soon  began 
to  increase,  and 
instead  of  remain- 
ing in  the  quarters 
he  first  occupied, 
moved  to  a  larger 
building  and  since 
then  on  account  of 
still  greater  growth,  was  compelled  to  move  in  the  building 
he  now  occupies  in  order  to  secure  ample  room  in  which 
to  handle  the  large  quantity  of  tobacco  he  is  constantly  pur- 
chasing, which  amounts  to  about  three  and  one-half  million 
pounds  a  year.  This  factory  is  a  five  story  brick  structure, 
located  on  Morris  street,  and  is  54x166  feet. 

By  his  untiring  energy  and  superior  business  talent,  Mr. 
Martin  has  built,  an  order  business  which  extends  throughout 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  The  almost  phenomenal  suc- 
cess which  has  attended  his  indefatigable  efforts  in  building 
up  this  large  and  increasing  business  is  well  merited.  Besides 
his  interests  as  a  tobacco  broker,  he  has  interests  in  various 
other  enterprises.  Is  president  of  the  Durham  Tobacco  Board 
of  Trade,  and  is  a  director  of  the  Morehead  Banking  Company. 

j.   T.    pinnix  &  CO. 

Prominent  among  the  leaf  tobacco  brokers  of  Durham  is 
the  above  named  firm,  which  is  composed  of  Messrs.  J.   T. 


I      II      MARTIN. 


ALBERT    KKAMKk. 


J      W      UM.kl   K. 


Prominent  Tobacco  Brokers. 


54 


HAND-BOOK   OF   DURHAM,    N.    C. 


Pinnix  and  Jas  W.  Walker,  both  of  whom  are  gentlemen  of 
great  worth  in  our  business  community,  displaying  as  they  do 
considerable  interest  in  the  industrial  development  of  the 
town. 

The  business  of  this  firm  is  that  of  purchasing  almost  every 
grade  of  leaf  tobocco   which   is    sold   on  this  market,    with 

which  to  supply  their  many 
customers.  Their  purchases 
are  made  entirely  on  order 
for  large  tobacco  manufac- 
turing establishments  in  this 
and  foreign  countries. 

The  factory  building  they 
own  and  occupy  is  a  large 
four  story  structure,  which 
was  built  by  them  expressly 
for  the  purpose  to  which  it 
is  applied,  and  has  a  storing 
capacity  of  millions  of 
pounds  of  leaf  tobacco. 

These  gentlemen  are  both 
interested  in  other  industrial 
enterprises  in  the  town,  Mr.  Pinnix  being  vice-president  of 
the  Morehead  Banking  Company,  and  of  the  Durham  Soap 
Works  of  which  Mr.  Walker  is  secretary  and  treasurer.  Mr. 
Walker  is  a  member  of  the  present  Board  of  Town  Aldermen. 

ALBERT    KRAMER. 

This  business  was  estab- 
lished in  January,  1880,  by  a 
co-partnership  between  Col. 
Robert  F.  Webb  and  Albert 
Kramer.  Upon  the  death  of 
Col.  Webb  in  1891,  Mr.  Kra- 
mer succeeded  to  the  firm 
name  of  Webb  &  Kramer, 
conducting  the  business  with 
signal  success  until  this  year, 
1894,  when  he  has  bought  over 
two  million  pounds  of  leaf 
tobacco,  which  has  placed  him  at  the  head  as  one  of  the  largest 
buyers  of  loose  leaf  in  North  Carolina. 


FACTORY  OF  J.  T.   PINNIX  &  CO. 


FACTORY  OF  ALBERT  KRAMKR. 


PRIVATE    IN'M 


55 


His  trade  in  the  United  States  has  grown  to  large  propor- 
tions, ami  having  sought  also  the  channels  of  foreign  commerce 
his  export  trade  has  assumed  a  wide  scope.  His  connections 
in  foreign  countries  are  the  stronget  houses,  and  their  satisfac- 
tion is  evidenced  by  a  rapidly  increasing  business. 

The  factory  buildings  of  Mr.  Kramer  are  on  McMannen 
one  of  which  is  a  large  brick  and  the  other  a  large 
frame  building. 

ii.  i.  b  tss  a  a  •. 

This  firm  began  businessin  [885.  Mr.  II.  J.  Bass,  the  ac- 
tive member,  was  previously  engaged  in  business  in  Lynch- 


burg, Virginia 
1  e  a  1"  tobacco 
a  business 

known  t<>  the 
facility  for 
storing  ami 
co  that  is 
use  l>v  them, 
of  t  h  e  ir  j iro- 
and  e  n  e  r  g  y 
built  up  quite 
ami  valuable 
a  n  d     foreign 


\    OB    II     J.    !:'■. 


Air  brokers  in 
a  n  d  conduct 
which  is  well 
trade.     Every 

h  a  ndl i n  g  , 
drying  tobac- 

known,  is  in 
and  as  a  result 
g  ressi  veness 
they  h  a  v  c 
a  n  extensive 
tr.uk-  in  this 
countries. 

The  factory  buildings  of  this  company  are  each  four  stories 
high,    with   a   Storing   capacity  of  millions  of  pounds   of  leaf 

toll.li 

Mr.  H.  J.  I'.ass,  besides  taking  an  active  part  in  everything 
that  pertains  to  the  tobacco  interest  of  Durham,  is  an  able 
member  of  the  Board  of  City  Aldermen  and  is  ever  alive  to 

the  material  development  of  the  town  and  the  progress  of  her 

people. 

TOBACCO  SALES  WAREHOUSES 

There  are  five  large  tobacco  warehouses  in  Durham  for  the 

>f  leaf  tobacco,  four  of  which  are  open  for  busini 
Durham  as  a  leaf  tobacco  market  is  second  to  none.     The 
demand  of  the  large  manufacturers  of  tin-  town  being  greater 

than  that  of  any  other  manufacturers  in  North  Carolina,  nat- 
urally j^ives  to  the  market  such  strength  as  it   would  not  <»th- 
have.      During   th<  I    the   four  warehouses  of 


56 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


Durham  sold  about  10,000,000  pounds  of  the  natural  leaf,  a 
good  portion  of  which  was  manufactured  into  tobacco  and 
cigarettes  by  home  factories. 

PARRISH' S    WAREHOUSE. 

This  warehouse,  for  the  sale  of  leaf  tobacco,   is  conducted 
by  Mr.  E.  J.  Parrish,  who  established  himself  in  the  business 

in  1873.  In  1879  he  built 
in  the  central  portion  of  the 
business  part  of  town  the 
largest  brick  tobacco  ware- 
house ever  erected  in  the 
State,  and  sold  on  the  first 
day  of  opening  80, 000 
pounds  of  tobacco  for  $15,- 
000.  A  few  years  after  the 
erection  of  this  building  the 
same  was  destroyed  by  fire, 
and  shortly  thereafter,  on  a 
site  just  opposite,  he  built 
the  present  building,  which 
is  a  large  brick  structure 
having  a  floor  space  of  26,- 
200  square  feet. 

The  Parrish  Warehouse  is 
favorably  known  through- 
out all  the  tobacco  counties 
of  North  and  South  Carolina 
and  Virginia. 

Besides  being  present 
every  day  and  personally  directing  the  sales  that  are  made 
at  this  warehouse,  Mr.  Parrish  is  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  tobacco.  He  is  one  of  Durham's  leading  spirits 
and  has  spent  a  large  portion  of  his  life  in  aiding  in  the  work 
of  bringing  Durham  to  the  front  as  a  hustling,  bustling  town. 


E.    J.    PARRISH. 


REAMS    WAREHOUSE. 

Messrs.  Carrington  &  Hutchings  are  proprietors  of  this 
noted  warehouse,  which  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Main  and 
Corcoran  streets.  This  is  a  well  known  warehouse  and  enjoys 
a  large  patronage  from  the  tobacco  farmers  of  this  and  other 
States.      The  proprietors  are  prominent  men  in  the  trade  and 


Parrishs  Tobacco  Warehouse. 


Globe  Tobacco  Warehouse. 


58  HAND-BOOK   OF   DURHAM,    N.    C. 

enjoy  the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  buyers  on  the  market 
as  well  as  the  entire  people  of  the  town. 

THE    BANNER    WAREHOUSE 

is  conducted  by  Messrs.  Lea,  Burch  &  Co.,  every  member  of 
the  firm  being  a  tDbacco  men  of  pronounced  ability.  This 
concern  has  been  in  existence  only  a  short  time,  but  owing  to 
their  reputation  as  authority  on  tobacco  questions,  they  have 
the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all  the  tobacco  farmers  with 
whom  they  come  in  contact  and  as  a  result  are  well  patronized. 

THE  FARMERS'  WAREHOUSE. 

This  house  is  on  Church  street  and  is  operated  by  the 
Farmers'  Warehouse  Company,  of  which  Mr.  B.  H.  Cozart  is 
general  manager.  Mr.  Cozart  is  an  old  tobacco  citizen  hav- 
ing formerly  been  engaged  in  the  business  in  Oxford,  and  has 
not  only  handled  "the  weed"  all  his  life  but  has  had  the 
experience  of  producing  the  same  as  a  farmer.  This  house 
has  been  established  only  a  short  time,  but  long  enough  to 
become  known  among  the  farmers  that  market  their  crop  in 
Durham. 

MISCELLANEOUS  ENTERPRISES. 

Under  this  heading  will  be  found  a  number  of  industrial 
enterprises  not  elsewhere  mentioned,  which  taken  together, 
give  employment  to  a  large  number  of  hands  and  are  ac- 
counted as  valuable  institutions  to  the  town. 

DURHAM  MARBLE  WORKS. 

This  business  is  conducted  by  Mr.  Robert  I.  Rogers,  a  gen- 
tlemen who  has  for  a  number  of  years  successfully  operated 
in  Durham,  Oxibrd  and  Henderson,  a  business  of  large 
proportions  in  the  making  of  monuments  and  tombstones, 
also  brownstone  and  granite  trimmings,  curbings  &c.  Besides 
his  occupation  in  this  line,  he  has  for  a  long  time  been 
actively  engaged  in  real  estate  transactions,  as  much  for  the 
material  advancement  of  Durham  as  for  personal  gain.  Being 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Durham  Land  and  Security 
Company,  he  is  in  a  position  to  give  reliable  information  re- 
garding the  real  estate  interest  in  Durham. 


PRIVATE    [NTERESTS. 


59 


THE    BDTH   \  i '< >B   I "<  'Mi'AXV. 

In  January  1891,  this  company  purchased  the  job  printing 
and  book-binding  plant  oi  Mi.  11.  ]•;.  Seeman,  who  foi  a 
numbei  of  years  bad  been  successfully  engaged  in  tins  busi- 
ness, and  established  themselves  as  publishers  and  priuters. 
The  capita]  stock  is  $8,000.00.  Mr.  J.  II.  Southgate,  a 
member  of  the  insurance  firm  of  J.  Southgate  &  Son,  is 
president,  and  Mr.  II.  K.  Seeman  is  secretarj  and  treasurer. 
Besides  doing  the  larger  part  of  the  local  business  in  this  line, 
they  till  a  large  number  of  orders  for  various  concerns  through- 
out the  State.  Their  principal 
work  consists  in  printing  tobacco 
labels  and  bands  of  which  they 
supply    the    Black  well    Durham 

Tobacco  Co.    with    over    51 

:  annum.  Theii  place  of 
business  is  on  the  corner  of  Main 
and  Nfangum  streets. 

SEEMAN  CARR1  \<.i    O  >MPANY. 

This  business  is  conducted  by 
Mr.  Jno.  F.  Seeman,  and  is  not 
incorporated.     The  output  of  this 

enterprise  consists   of  hand-made 

vehicles  of  every  description,  oi  \^^         ^/ 

which  an  attractive  supply  is  con-  _,  ii^TiTTnTTvi  1 

Stantly  On  display    in   their  show-         President  of  The  Bducatoi 

room  at  "Five  Points"  on  Main  street. 


DURHAM    ROLLER    COVERING    COMPANY. 

The  business  of  this  company  is  covering  rolls  for  cotton 

mills.       The-  same  was  incorporated  in    [890    and    is  a  branch 

of  the  Charlotte  Roller  Covering  Works.  Mr.  M.  A.  Liunell, 
<»t  Connecticut  is  president,  and  Mr.  (*..  I:.  Richwood 
retary  and  treasurer.  Mr.  P.  E.  Linnell,  the  genial  manager, 
has  an  experience  of  twenty-four  years  in  the  business  and  lias 
proven  himself  a  valued  citizen  of  the  town.  The  work  of 
this  company  is  distributed  throughout  the  cotton  mill  section 
of  tlu-  South. 

P.    HOWERTON. 

This  gentleman   is  regularly  engaged  in  the  busini 


6o 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


making- hand-made  vehicles  of  every  description.  His  works 
are  situated  on  Mangum  street  and  consist  of  wood,  paint  and 
blacksmith  shops.  His  show-room  is  well  filled  with  work  of 
his  own  and  western  make. 


THE    MANUFACTURERS    HOUSE    FURNISHING    AGENCY. 

The  great  advancement  in  improved  architecture  that  for  a 
number  of  years  has  been  made  in    North   Carolina,  in  the 

building  of  residences,  has 
created  a  demand  for  supe- 
rior decorations,  painting 
and  house  furnishings.  To 
supply  this  demand  the 
above  named  agency,  con- 
trolled and  conducted  en- 
tirely by  Mr.  S.  F.  Tomlin- 
son,  was  established  some 
five  years  ago,  and  during 
this  period  some  of  the 
largest  and  most  handsome 
church  buildings,  hotels, 
and  private  residences  in  the 
State  have  been  decorated, 
painted  and  furnished  by 
this  agency.  Mr.  Tomlin- 
son  is  a  true  lover  of  art,  in 
addition  to  which  he  pos- 
sesses that  rare  gift  of  re- 
fined taste,  which  places 
him  as  a  leader  in  art  deco- 
rations and  house  furnishing. 
Mr.  Tomlinson  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  R.  F.  Mor- 
ris &  Son  Mfg  Co.  and  is  interested  in  various  other  Durham 
enterprises. 

R.    T.     HOWERTON. 

The  making  of  caskets  and  coffins  and  a  general  undertaking 
business  is  that  of  the  above  named  gentlemen.  His  place 
of  business  is  on  Mangum  street. 

MACHINE    AND    FOUNDRY    WORKS. 

There  are  two  good  sized  foundries  and  machine  shops  in 
Durham,  one  conducted  by  Mr.  Louis  Albezette,  and  the  other 


S.    F.   TOMI.IXSON. 


PRIVATE    INT1  : 


6l 


h\  m,.  |.  x.  K  rj    variet)  and  kind  of  castings  are 

made  bj  theii   works,  and  machines  of  every  description  re- 
paired. 

DURH  \m    STEAM    LAI  NDRY, 

ised  with  the  miscellaneous  industrial  enterprises,  is  the 

Durham   Strain   Laundry,   which   business  is  conducted   1>\ 
G.  B.  Richwood  &  Co  ,  gentlemen  who  have-  recently 
taken  up  their  abode  in    Durham,  and  arc-  known  .is  pi 

ii.l  able  businesss  nun, 
displaying  the  usual  energy 
with  which  the  average  Dur- 
ham citizen  is  possessed. 
Their  works  are  locat<  d  on 
Main  street,  and  is  kept  in 
•ant  operation  1>\  the 
libera]  patronage  extended 
b\   the  j>r,blic. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Among  the  newspapers 
and  periodicals  published  in 
Durham  are  two  dailies  ;  the 
Globe-Herald,  and  the  Daily 
Sun.  Two  weeklies  :  the 
Dui  h  a  m  Recorder  a  a  d 
Weekly  Times.  Two  month 

lies  :    the    National  Tobacco 

and    Grocer,    and     Trinity 

ue   Record.      The  two 
dailies  are  published   every 
evening.     The  I  mrham  Re- 
corder is  the  oldest  paper  published  in  North  Carolina,  hav- 
ing been  established  in  182a     The  editor,  Mr.  E.  C.  Hackney  1 

es  owning  and  conducting  this  publication,    is  also  one 

of  the  editors   and    proprietors    of   the   National  Tobacco  and 

r,  of  which  Mr.  II.  K.  Sec-man  is  general  manager,  ami 

tary  of  the   Mallory  Durham   Cheroot  Company,  ol 

which  mention  is  elsewhere  made. 

D  COMPANIES. 

There  are  three  land  companies  doing  te  business 

in  Durham.      The  members  of  each   company   are   good  con- 


62  HAND-BOOK   OF   DURHAM,    N.    C. 

conservative  business  men,  and  with  one  or  two  exceptions  are 
all  citizens  of  the  town.  These  companies  are  not  trying  to  sell 
their  property  at  large  profit  and  fancy  prices,  but  being  in- 
terested in  various  industrial  enterprises  of  the  town,  are 
extremely  anxious  to  have  new  capital  locate  among  them, 
offering  every  reasonable  inducement  to  that  end. 

THE  DURHAM    CONSOLIDATED    LAND    AND  IMPROVEMENT 
COxMPANY. 

This  company  own  286  acres  of  very  valuable  land  immedi- 
ately outside  the  corporate  limits  of  the  town,  adjoining  the 
Trinity  College  property;  the  larger  part  of  which  is  very  de- 
sirable fo1'  residential  purposes  and  will  be  sold  at  prices  and 
terms  to  suit  the  purchaser.  Many  acres  of  this  land  is  es- 
pecially desirable  for  factory  purposes  and  will  be  donated  by 
the  company  to  anyone  for  manufacturing  purposes. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Carr,  president  of  the  Blackwell  Durham  Tobacco 
Company,  is  president  of  this  company;  Col  A.  B.  Andrews, 
second  vice-president  of  the  Southern  Railroad,  is  vice-presi- 
dent, and  Mr.  R.  H.  Wright,  is  secretary  and  treasurer. 

MORGAN,    WATKINS    &    COMPANY. 

In  various  parts  of  North  Carolina  this  company  own  large 
tracts  of  farming  lands  as  well  as  in  and  surrounding  Durham. 
They  are  now  making  an  effort  to  dispose  of  some  of  this 
land  to  desirable  persons  on  the  very  easiest  terms  and  longest 
peuod  of  payment  In  town  or  country  property  they  can 
suit  the  most  exacting. 

The  active  member  of  this  company  are  Mr.  W.  M.  Mor- 
gan, and  Dr.  J.  L.  Watkms. 

THE    DURHAM    LAND    AND    SECURITY   COMPANY. 

The  land  belonging  to  this  company  consists  of  300  acres 
of  cleared  and  timbered  land  lying  near  the  eastern  corporate 
limits  of  Durham,  and  also  own  valuable  property  within  the 
town.  This  land  is  well  located  for  residences  and  factory 
purposes,  and  will  be  sold  in  any  size  lots  on  the  easiest  terms. 
For  factory  purposes  this  company  will  donate  land  free  of 
charge. 

The    officers    are  Dr.  J.  L.  Watkins  and  Robt.    I.  Rogers. 

INSURANCE  AND  COMMISSION  BROKERAGE. 
There  are  in  Durham  four  firms  conducting  a  general  life 


64  HAND-BOOK   OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 

and  fire  insurance  business,  and  three  commission  merchants. 
Every  insurance  company  in  the  United  States  of  much  im- 
portance is  represented  by  one  of  these  agencies. 

J.    SOUTHGATE    &    SON. 

This  large  agency  was  established  in  1876,  by  Mr.  James 
Southgate,  who,  a  number  of  years  ago  admitted  his  only  son 
Mr.  J.  H.  Southgate  as  a  partner,  and  under  the  firm  name  of 
J.  Southgate  and  Son,  have  written  probably  more  insurance 
than  any  concern  in  North  Carolina.  Besides  being  agents 
for  some  of  the  largest  fire  companies  in  the  world,  they  rep- 
resent some  of  the  larger  life  and  accident  companies  of 
America. 

W.     H.     M  CCA  BE 

Began  business  in  Durham  in  1887  with  only  a  few  com- 
panies, as  at  that  time  it  was  a  difficult  matter  to  secure  an 
agency,  for  nearly  all  the  large  companies  were  already  rep- 
resented in  the  town.  In  time  however  he  gradually  added 
one  by  one,  until  to-day  he  is  the  resident  agent  for  some  of 
the  oldest  and  strongest  companies  in  existence.  Aside  from 
his  fire  business  he  does  a  large  business  in  life  and  accident 
insurance. 

W.    J.    GRISWOLD. 

Established  himself  in  the  commission  and  brokerage 
business  in  Durham  in  1887  representing  some  of  the  largest 
wholesale  mercantile  firms  in  the  United  Stati  s.  In  a  few 
years  after  he  added  to  his  brokerage  business  an  insurance 
agency  and  does  considerable  work  in  life  and  fire  insurance. 

.MORGAN    &    CARR. 

This  firm  is  composed  of  Mr.  S.  T.  Morgan  and  Mr.  L.  A. 
Carr  two  of  Durham's  leading  citizens,  both  of  whom  are 
officers  in  The  Durham  Fertilizer  Company.  They  do  a  gen- 
eral brokerage  business  and  are  large  buyers  of  cotton. 

\v.    B.    SURLES. 

Conducts  a  general  brokerage  business,  in  addition  to  which 
he  does  some  work  in  insurance.  He  began  business  in 
Durham  some  years  ago,  and  has  by  industry  and  thrift,  es- 
tablished quite  a  trade  among  the  merchants  and  other  busi- 
ness men  of  the  town. 


INTRODUCTION 


Believing  that  it  ia  the  duty  of  every  citizen  of  the  town  in  which  he  Uvea, 
to  in  some  w.iv  contribute  t<>  the  advancement  and  prosperity  of  such  town. 
The  Educator  Company ,  from  motives  purely  public  spirited,  adds  this  its 
■.mis  the  further  progress  and  development  of  the  thriving  manufac- 
turing town  of  Durham. 

The  contents  of  this  hook  will  be  found  on  investigation,  to  be  just  and 
truthful  statements,  in  brief,  pertaining  to  tin.-  town  and  her  people ;  as  can 
.  and  known  by  any  observant  and  inquiring  person. 

The  main  purpose  of  this  work  is  to  give  to  those  persons  Beeking  homes 
and  investment,  a  brief  and  accurate  recital  of  what  the  people  of  Durham 
have  done,  and  with  the  advantages  they  possess  can  do.  towards  making 

Durham  one  of  the  foremost  cities  of  the  Smith.  To  this  end  we  invite  your 
careful  perusal,  with  the  only  request  that  should  you  become  interested,  jrou 
will  make  inquiry  through  any  private  citi/en  or  public  official  of  the  town. 
Concerning  the  statements  herein    contained. 

THE  BDUCATOB 

Durham.  N.  C  . 
Jany.  ist  1895. 


PRIVATE    INTERESTS. 


65 


GENERAL    MERCANTILE    BUSINESS 

There  ate  some  over  a  hundred  firms  in  Durham,  represent- 
ing collectively  ever)  department  of  the  mercantile  business 
known  to  the  trade.  Mention  will  be  made  of  onlj  a  few  of 
the  larger  ones. 

ROY  ALL    A     BORDEN. 

Thi>  firm  does  .1  large  business  in  furniture.     Besides  having 
J  large  branch  houses,  they  own  and  operate  a  large  fur- 
niture,  chair   and  1 

mattress  factory  in  | 
Goldsboro,  which 
i  c<  inducted  i  n 
three  s  e  p  a  r  a 1  e 
buildings.  T  h  e 
of  this  con- 
cern is  as  large  as 
that  of  an}  South- 
ern hciis-  and  1 11- 
joj  a  well-earned 
reputation  as  nian- 
11  fa  c  t  u  rers  and 
dealers  in  that  par- 
ticular line. 

The  Dur  h  a  m 
branch  is  conduct- 
ed by  Mr.  Miks 
Goodwin,  an  ex- 
perienced and  en- 
ergetic you  n  g 
man,  who,  1»\  his  superior  talent, 
remain  with  the  linn  as  lonj 
The  house  they  occupy  is 


IMju*  ,  (te^s i 


,1   S 


KMTI    RE    STOR1 


\   ItokliKN. 


has  built  a  trade  that  will 
as  the\  continue  in  the  business. 
a  large  two-story  brick  building 
on  Corcoran  street,  and  is  well  filled  with  a  large  and  attrac- 
tive stock  of  medium  and  high  grade  furniture,  together  with 
all  the  latest  novelties  in  furniture  and  bric-a-brac. 

The  members  of  the  firm  are  M  C.  Royall  and 

J.  C  Borden,  both  young  men  of  great  business  capacity  and 
thorough  knowledge  of  ever)  detail  of  the  business  in  which 
they  are  engaged. 

CHEEK    l-i  RNITURE    <  <  iMPANY. 

This  firm  is  located  on   Main  street  and  occupy  two  floors 


66 


HAND-BOOK   OF   DURHAM,    N.    C. 


of  a  conveniently  arranged  brick  building.  The  members  of 
this  company  have  been  engaged  in  the  furniture  business  for 
many  years,  and  have  a  perfect  knowledge  of  same.  They 
carry  in  stock  every  variety  and  style  of  fine  and  medium 
furniture,  together  with  house  furnishing  supplies. 

HYAMS   &    LEWETH 

recently  established  themselves  in  the  furniture  business  on 
Main  street,  and  have  two  stories  of  a  large  brick  building 
well  filled  with  furniture  and  bric-a-brac  of  every  description. 

T.    J.    GATTIS    &   SON. 

Conduct  a  general  bookstore  on  Main  street.  Have  a  trade 
throughout  North  Carolina  that  amounts  to  some  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars  a  year. 

THOS.    J.     LAMBE. 

This  gentleman  established  himself  in  the  clothing  business 


in  Durham 
o  r  ten  years 
well  displayed 
ergy,  together 
py  faculty 
f  r  i  ends,  has 
which  extends 
ad  joining 
town  trade  has 
growth  year  by 
ports  glowing 
the  balance  of 


CLOTHING  HOUSE  OF  T.  J.   LAMBE. 


some  eight 
ago,  and  by  his 
talent  and  en- 
with  the  hap- 
o  f  making 
built  a  trade 
into  various 
counties.  His 
had  a  general 
year,  and  he  re- 
prospects  for 
this  year.     His 


place  of  business  is  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Main  and  Man- 
gum  streets.  The  building  he  occupies  is  a  two-story  brick, 
both  floors  of  which  are  well  filled  with  clothing  and  gents' 
furnishings,  hats,  &c. 

W.     A.    SLATER   COMPANY. 

This  is  a  clothing  company,  and  conduct  a  large  business 
on  the  northeast  corner  of  Main  and  Mangum  streets.  The 
members  of  the  firm  are  Messrs.  W.  A.  Slater,  J.  H.  Sneed 
and  Mr.  T.  J.  Fetzer,  all  gentlemen  of  large  experience  in  the 
business  in  which  they  are  engaged.      The  building  they  oc- 


PRIVATE    [NTBREST&  67 

ctipy  is  a  two-story  brick,  well  arranged  foi  the  business  to 
which  it  is  devoted. 

\\.     II.     I'koi  T11R. 

This  gentleman  conducts  a  wholesale  and   retail  gi 
business  on  the  corner  of  Mangum  and  Parrish  streets.     The 
building   he  occupies  is  a  large   three-story   brick   structure. 
Besides  this  main  place  of  business,    he  has  several  storage 
houses  in  which  are  kept  supplies  received  in  car-load  lots. 

Mr  Proctoi  has  built  up  an  immense  trade,  and  supplies  a 
large  number  of  stores  adjacent  to  the  town,  [s  a  citizen  who 
stands  in  line  of  progress,  and  is  an  able  member  of  the  cit) 
Board  of  Aldi  mien. 

II.     II.     MARKHAM. 

The-  business  of  this  gentleman  is  that  of  general  merchan- 
dising. His  operations  art-  carried  on  in  a  large  two-story 
brick  building  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Mangum  streets,  in 
addition  to  which  Ik-  has  several  storage  houses  Gives  em- 
ployment to  a  number  of  men  and  i>  an  old  citizen  of  the  town. 

\.     K.     I.I.on  I'    &    COMPANY. 

This  firm  is  engaged  in  the  wholesale  and  retail  hardware 
business,  and  has  a  large  store  on  Main  street,  which  runs  the 
entire  length  of  a  square.  Mr.  A.  K.  Lloyd  is  the  active 
member  of  the  firm. 

t  .    C.    TAYLOR 

is  employed  in  the  tinsmith  and  stove  business.     lie  occupies 

a  tWO-Storj    brick    building  on  Main  street,  ami  docs  an  c\ten- 

tensive  trade  throughout  this  and  other  counties.  Does 
considerable  work  tor  the  American  Tobacco  Com  pan}  and 
employs  a  number  of  hands. 

HI. I. I.N.    STONE    .\    COMPANY. 

Tin  active  members  of  this  firm  are  Messrs.  \\\  1<*.  Ellis 
ami  \V.    H.   Stone,  two   young    men  who  have  been  associated 

together  in  the  dry  good  business  for  a  number  of  vears.     They 

do  quite  an  extensive  business  in  this  and  adjourning  COU1  ties 
besides  being  tin-    leaders   in    this    line    of  business  as  fl 

the  city  trade.     They  occupy  a  large  two-story  brick  building 


PRIVATE    I XII  i 


on  M.iin  street  and  employ  a  numbei  of  experienced  clerks. 

■  >.      I  .      K  \U  I.S. 

in  business  in  Durham  some  twent)  years  or  more  ago, 
.uul  is  classed  as  one  of  most  successful  merchants  of  the 
town.  His  store  is  on  Main  street,  [s  a  two  story  brick 
building  both  floors  of  which  he  occupies.      I1  d  bus- 

iness  in   dry  goods  and  general  supplies  for  the  household. 
Has,  other  interests  in  industrial  enterprises. 

W.     M.     VEARBY. 

As  a  druggist  and  merchant  Mr.  Yearby  has  no  superior. 
Starting  in  businessonly  a  few  years,  ago,  he  has  b\  hard  work, 
close  attention  to 
business  and  su- 
perior judgment, 
establ  ished  a 
trad  e  which  is 
not  only  a  de- 
light to  himself 
but  to  his  many 
frie  n  d  s.  The 
building  heowns 
and  occupies  is  a 
handsome  t  w  o- 
story  brick  struc- 
ture situated  on 
Main  street  The 
interior  in  finish 


inTHRIok  OB  w.  M     VEARBY'S  DRUG  STORE. 


is  complete.  The  floor  is  laid  with  fancy  tiling,  the  walls 
and  ceiling  are  handsomely  and  artistically  frescoed  while 
beautiful  hand-painted  pictures  form  a  part  of,  and  adorn  the 
side  walls.  This  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  handsomest  drug 
stores  in  the  South. 

I'.    W .    VAUGHAN. 

The  drug  store  of  Mr.  Vaughan  is  on  Main  street,  and  is  a 
two-story  brick  building  with  brown  stone  trimmings.  This 
building  was  recently  purchased  by  him  and  remodeled 
throughout  The  floor  is  of  marble  and  a  portion  of  the 
windows  are  of  cathedral  glass.  Mr.  Vaughan  began  busi- 
.;  Durham  as  a  proprietor   in    1.887,  an<*  has  met  with 


7° 


HAND-BOOK  OE  DURHAM,    N.    C. 


a  success  which  is  well  merited.      Is   one 
stantial  citizens. 

R.     BLACKXALL    &    SON. 


of  Durham's  sub- 


This  firm  does  an  extensive  drug  business  on  Main  street. 
Is  the  oldest  drug  store  in  the  town  and  controls  a  patronage 
which  has  been  extended  them  for  many  years  by  the  older 
residents  of  the  town  and  county. 

SNEED    &    THOMAS. 

The  members  of  this  firm  are  Messrs.  Paul  C.  Sneed  and 
Allen  S.  Thomas,  two  young  men  who  associated  themselves 

together  about  one  year 
ago,  and  have  built  up 
quite  an  extensive  city 
trade.  The  building  they 
occupy  is  a  large  three-story 
pressed  brick  building  with 
marble  trimmings,  situated 
on  the  corner  ol  Main  and 
Mangum  streets.  The  ar- 
rangement and  finish  of  the 
interior  are  in  keeping  with 
the  handsome  building  and 
it  is  considered  one  of  the 
finest  drug  stores  in  the 
State. 

HEARTT  &  FARTHING. 

The  members  of  this  firm 
are  Messrs.  Frank  Heartt 
and  T.  B.  Farthing,  one 
an  experienced  druggist 
and  the  other  a  salesman  of 
fine    ability.       This    drug 

store  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Church  and  Main  street,  and 

is  a  large  three-story  brick  building. 

MRS.    ADA    M.    SMITH. 

Conducts  a  millinery  and  fancy  goods  store.  Began  busi- 
ness some  ten  years  ago,  and  since  then  has  moved  several 
times  on  account  of  the  rapid  increase  in  her  trade.  She 
now  occupies  the  handsome  store  room  ou  the  corner  of  Main 


DRUG  STORE  OF  SNEED  &  THOMAS. 


rktv.vn.  iNii.Ki-.sTS.  71 

and  O  ircoran  streets  which  is  admirably  suited  fox  the  millinery 
business. 

jno.    m.    WYATT. 

Mr.  Wyatt  moved  to  Durham  about  two  years  ago,  and  is 
conducting  .1  business  of  manufacturing  harness  of  every  kind. 
He  occupies  a  two-story  brick  building  on  Main  street,  and 
carries  a  large  line  of  such  goods  as  harness  makers  generally 
keep  in  stock. 

CHARLES  T.    1'osti.i  \ . 

iblished  himself  in  the  jewelry  business  in  Durham  in 
Occupies  a  two-story   brick   building  on  Main  street 

and  is  one  of  the-  pioneer  citizens  oi   the-  town. 

M.    11.   JONES 

( iwiis  and  occupies  a  large  two-story   brick  building  on  Main 
street  and  is  engaged  in  the  jewelry  business. 

LAWYERS  AND  PHYSICIANS. 

Among  the  most  prominent  lawyers  of  the  town  arc  Messrs. 
Fuller  &  Fuller;  Boone  &  Boone;  Manning  &  Foushee,  W. 
A.  Guthrie,  and  Chas.  E.  Turner. 

The  most  prominent  physicians  are  :  Messrs.  Can  &  Man- 
ning; A.  Cheatham;  Julian  A.  Smith;  X.  M.  Johnston;  X.  P. 
BoddiejW.  J.  II.  Durham;  L.  W.  Battle  and  W.  E.  Fitch. 

ENUMERATION   OF  ENTERPRISES. 

Durham  has  four  lines  of  railroad;  five  tobacco  factories, 
two  of  which  are  the  largest  in  the  world;  tour  large  cotton 
mills;  four  cigar  factories;  one  fertilizer  factor)  ;  one  bag  fac- 
tory; «>ne  soap  factory;  tWO  sash,  door  and  blind  factories; 
three  banks;  four  tobacco  warehouses  for  the  sale  of  leaf  to- 
abotlt  i"'»  leaf  tobacco  brokers;  two  foundries;  four 
machine  shops;  two  carriage  factories;  four  job  printing 
offices;  one  book-bindery;  one  laundry;  one  marble  yard;  one 
cotton  roller  covering  works;  four  insurance  agencies;  two 
daily  papers;  two   weekly   papers  and   two  monthlies;    four 

furniture   Stores;    live  drug   stores;    three  hardware   stores   and 

about  too  other  merchants  representing   various  lines.     W-^ 

twelve  churches;    on.  two   graded    schools  and  other 

industrial,  educational  and  benevolent  institutions. 


Residence  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Carr. 


Residence  of  Mr.  W.  Duke 


Vdvantases  and  Needs  of  Durham. 


RAILROAD   ADVANTAGES. 

As  a  railroad  center  Durham  is  equalled  1>\  but  few  towns 
in  the  State  and  surpassed  bj  none. 

Quick  transportation,  low  freight  rates,  and  eas>  ac< 
the  great  commercial,  manufacturing  and  agricultural  centers, 
is  .1  desideratum  which  no  prudent  investoi  can  afford  to  over- 
look 01    underestimate  in 
this  age  of  sharp  compe- 
tition   and    rapid     inter- 
communication. 

A  glance  at  the  map 
will  at  once  confirm  Dur- 
ham's proposed  advant- 
ages in  this  respect 

With  her  four  railroads 
penetrating  the-  coal  and 
in»n  fields  ot"  Virginia, 
Tennessee  ami  tin-  Caro- 
linas;  the  rice  ami  cotton 
plantations  and  lumber 
regions  of  t  h  e  South, 
deep  wate.T  navigation 
easily  reached  in  a  five 
hours  run;  the  Nation's 
Capital  and  leading  cities 

ot    the     North     and      East 

ssible  in  from  ten  to 
fifteen  hours  travel  —  our 

iphical    situation    is 

pecurliarlv  inviting  to  manufacturers,  capitalists  and  home- 
seekers. 

INDUSTRIAL    AND   SOCIAL   ADVANTAGES. 

These  advantages  are  supplemented  by    man)    successful 

enterprises  already  enumerated  in  the  foregoing  pages,  which 
need  no  repetition  here.  While  proud  of  oui  manufacturing 
enterprises,  which  are  well  calculated  to  inspire  hope  and 
energy,    there   are  yel    social    and    educational    advantaged 


RESIDBNC1     OP    DR. 


RESIDENCE   OF   MRS,    J.    R.    DAY. 


RESIDENCE   OF   MRS.    T.    D.   JONES. 


RESIDENCE   OF   MR.    J.    ED.    LYON.  RESIDENCE   OF    MR.    H.    E     SEEMAN. 


ADVANTAGES   AND    N 


equally  as  great  No  citj  of  equal  population  can  boast  of 
greater  religious  freedom  and  political  tolerance.  Ours  is 
emphatically  a  cosmopolitan  population,  representing  all 
sections  of  our  common  country.  Our  successful  nun  are 
the  architects  of  their  own  fortunes,  md  rejoice  in  th< 
conditions,  which  from  the  beginning  made  theii  success  pos- 
sible; hence  honest  labor  and  enterprise  is  respected  and  en- 
couraged. It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  notwithstanding  the 
wonderful  success  of  Durham's  manufacturers,  the>  all  I 
in  a  small  way,  with  but  little  means,  and  never  received 
an)  aid  from  out- 
I  I 
:  ted  that  in 
t  h  e  twenty  -  five 
years  of  I  mrham's 
industrial  history, 
not  exceeding  one 
hundred  thousand 
dollars  of  the-  capi- 
tal invested  w  a  s 
brought  iro  m 
abroad.  The 
fou  n  ders  came 
here  poor  in  e  n  , 
an  1  by  industry, 
e  CO  n  0  m  y  and 
sound    business 

methods  creaU  d  RKsidencb  of  b.  n    dukb 

their  own   capital. 

During  all  these  years  of  industrial  activity  her  citizens  have 

never  lost  interest  in  the  maintainance  and  advancement  ol 

sound  religious  and  moral  principles. 

EDUCATIONAL   ADVANTAGES. 

Durham's  educational  institutions  are  everything  that  can 
reasonably  be  desired,  and  afford  every  opportunity  for  ob- 
taining a  business  or  classical  education  at  minimum  i 

Vs  an  evidence  of  the  interest  taken  in  educational  matters, 
sary  to  point   to  our  public  school  buildings 
and  Trinity  College,  and  to  the  further  fact  that  there 

not  an  institution  of  learning  for  either  race  within  the 
borders  of  the  State,  that  has  not  at  some  period  in  their  his- 
tory received    substantial    aid    from    onr   citizens,    while  .some 


RESIDENCE    OF   MR.    B.    L.    DUKE. 


RESIDENCE    OF    MRS.    L.    L.    MOKFHFAD. 


A  I  >\    \.\T  M.  I  s     AM'     \1-  !   DS. 


77 


have  received  magnificenl  endowments  from  our  men  of  weal  1  h. 
While  justly  proud  of  our  industrial,  educational  and  social 
a  tainments,  we  are  not  satisfied  to  rest  content  with  conquests 
achieved,  but  are  on  the  alert  to  secure  desirable  accessions  to 
<>ur  population,  who  will  aid  us  still  further  in  building  up  the 
material  and  social  possibilities  of  our  city. 


DURHAM'S   NEEDS. 


We  want  and 
invite  m  e  n  of 
enterprise,  brain 
and  brawn,  from 
the  East,  North, 
West  and  South 
— the  l>  a  n  k  e  r 
a  n  d  capitalist, 
the  manufactur- 
er and  educator, 
the  professional 
man  and  woman 
t  h  «.-  trad<  sman 
and  skilled  la- 
borer,all  tocome 
among  u  s  and 
give  ns  tlu-  ben- 
efit of  their  skill 
and  energy, with 
an  a  s  s  u  r  a  □  c  e 
that  their  for- 
tunesand  happi- 
ness will  be  aug- 
mented h  Y  50 
doing.  We  want 
g  o  o  d  men  re- 
gardless of  t  h  e 
s  e  c t  i  o  u  from 
whence  they  come 
convictions. 


Kl  si  ID    Ml      i>l      U       U  .     II    I.I.I   K 


their  religious   sentiments  or    political 
We  need  them  in  the   fields  of  trade  and  com- 
merce ;  in  the  pulpit,  the  forum  and  the  sanctum.     We  want 
them  to  share-  with  us  in  gleaning  the  golden  advantages  and 
•ping  the  great  resources  whu-h  a  kind  Providence  has 
placed  at  <>ur  doors.     There  are  unoccupied   fields  in  almost 


RESIDENCE   OF    MR.    S.    F.    TOMLINSON.  RESIDENCE    OF   MR.    d    A.    CARR. 


TRINITY    M.    E     PARSONAOE. 


RESIDENCE   OF  MR.    w.    H.    BRANSON. 


ADVANTAGES    AND    NEEDS. 


79 


branch  of  trade  and  industry,  which  promises  a  rich  har- 
vest for  whoever  will  intelligently  develop  thetn. 

Among  the  inviting  opportunities  in  manufacturing,  we 
would  suggest  the  following  as  the  most  flattering  :  A  furni- 
ture factory  for  the  manufacture  of  cheap  and  medium  priced 
goods  ;  a  chair  factory  ;  a  coffin  factory  ;  a  factor)  f<  r  the  man- 
ufacture of  agricultural  implements;  a  shoe  factor)  ;  .>  cloth- 
ing factory  ;  a  wood  and  willow-ware  factory  ;  a  bucket  and 
wooden  plate  factory.  The  materials  for  the  wooden  factories 
t  numerated  is  al- 
ni  o  s  t  contiguous 
to  tin-  city,  prac- 
tically inexhaus- 
table  in  quantity  £ 
a  u  d  unsurpass 
in  quality.  This 
is  not  a  mere  as- 
sertion, but  is  em- 
inently sustained 
by  indisputa  b  1  e 
facts  w  h  i  c  h  are 
eas  )  of  verifica- 
tion to  a  u  v  o  n  e 
who  is  disposed  to 
make  the  in  vest  i  • 
gation.  On  the 
banks  (>  f  Nfeuse 
river,  only  eight 
• 

forest   of  hard- 
wood thousands  of  acres  in  extent.     The  Oxford  &  Clarksville 
Railroad,  and  the  Durham  &   Northern  Railroad  runs  along 

its  borders.       This,  and    the    forests    of    New     Hope,  six  miles 

fthecity,  is  pronounced  by  experts  to  be  the  finest  body 

of  hard-wood  timbers  in  the  South.  Among  the  species,  the 
white  oak,  red  oak,  post  oak,  Spanish  oak,  willow  oak,  pop- 
lar, sweet  gum,  sycamore,  maple,  ash,  cedar,  hickory  and 
od  predominate.  The  property  is  owned  by  different 
parties,  all  of  whom  are  liberal  and  progressive,  and  finan- 
cially able  if  necessary,  to  mill  it,  or  lease  to  those  who  will, 
whenever  a  local  demand  is  created. 

Our  climate  is  mild,  our  soil  productive,  our  location  ad- 
vantageous and   prospects  encouraging.       To   those   who   are 


RESIDENCE     mi     GEO     \V     WATTS. 


8o 


HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 


seeking  a  new  location  with  a  view  to  pleasure  and  profit  we 
extend  an  invitation  to  come  and  see  and  investigate  for 
themselves,  feeling-  assured  that  every  statement  we  have 
made  in  regard  to  Durham  will  be  fully  verified. 


RESIDENCE   OF   WM.    A.    GUTHRIE. 


The  Stale  ol  North  Carolina. 

SOME  <  >F   HER   PR<  >DUCTS. 

[Portion  of  an  article  from  ;i  recent  number  of  the  Soi  rin.i-s  Si  iTBa 

M  v..  \  •  i  m     i.\  Bennett  I >* »l>t>in. J 

Writing  of  the  North  Carolina  climate  a  former  resident  of 
Minnesota  says  in  substance  that  the  Tar  Heel  State  covers  a 
wide  extent  of  soil  aud  climatic  conditions.  In  the  West  are 
found  lofty  mountains  where  the  Canadion  fir,  hemlock  and 
white  pine  thrive,  and  in  the  East  is  a  low  coast  region  where 
the  palmetto  attains  a  lofty  growth.  The  mountain  region  is 
the  best  in  the  United  States  :  pears,  peaches  and  grapes  grow 
in  abundance  ;  the  uplands  are  full  of  indigenous  and  culti- 
vated fruits,  while  the  coast  region  is  literally  overspread  with 
the  famous scuppernong  vines  which  furnish  wine  to  the  pop- 
ulation of  the  whole  commonwealth.  This  writer  states  that 
he  has  passed  three  years  in  North  Carolina  ;  that  the  lowest 
temperature  was  seventeen  degrees  above  zero  and  the  highest 
ninety-six.  He  says  that  sunstrokes  are  never  known,  and 
that  he  does  not  remember  any  snltry  nights  or  any  in  which 
he  did  not  want  a  little  covering  on  the  bed. 

Considering  more  in  detail  the  economic  aspect  of  the  ques- 
tion, the  home-seeker  m •■>•  ask:  "Will  it  pay  to  leave  the 
North  and  go  to  this  region  of  which  you  speak  '.■',,  In  reply 
I  will  permit  this  to  answer  his  own  ques- 

tion. I  hive  already  said  that  the  territory  is  one  of  diversi- 
fied s  tils  an  1  a  climate  suited  to  all  grales  of  husbandry,  and 
it  may  be  further  said  that  on  the  ana  of  an  ordinary  farm 

the  owner  will    find    conditions   suitable    to   the  cultivation  oi 

numerous  crops.  On  one  portion  of  his  farm  he  can  raise 
cotton  ;  some  part  of  it  will  be  especially  adapted  to  the  uto- 
patch,"  which  has  become  so  popular  in  all  the  upland 
>  of  the  Carolinas  ;  one  field  can  be  sown  to  Kentucky 
blue-grass  and  another  will  yield  and  enormous  cutting  of 
clover  ;  the  cow-pea  crop  will  grow  as  luxuriantly  here  as  any 
place  in  the  South  ;  on  the  river  bottom  he  may  rais 
while  in  the  mellow  sandy  loam,  which  will  comprise  the 
greater  part  of  his    farm,    he   can    -row    corn,    wheat,  orchard 


m 


y 


e: 


__. .  .         f  A  North  Carolina  Tobacod  Field. 

By.k.indness  of 

Southern  States  Magazine, 


NORTH    CAROLINA.  83 

grass,  melons,  peaches,  pears  and  apricots  or  anything  else 
that  may  please  his  fancy.  <  m  a  model  North  Carolina  farm 
of  suit  ible  proportions,  when  under  full  cultivation,  the  fanner 
can  produce  lx.-t.-t',  pork,  mutton  and  chickens  in  abund 
and  a  considerable  amount  of  butter  and  cheese  ran  be  deriv- 
ed from  the  herd.  Corn,  win.-. a,  buckwheat,  oats,  barley,  rye 
and  millet,  hay  and  broom-corn,  caster  beans,  cotton 
sweet  potatoes  and  tobacco  will  make  up  the  rotation  of  his 

In  the-  garden,  cucumbers,  onions,  turnips,  cabl 
white  potatoes  and  artichokes,  unions  and  peanuts  will  grow 
in  sufficient  quantities  to  supply  tin  family,  while  on  the  lawn 
before  his  house  ran  be  found  in  their  season  the-  brightest 
and  most  beautiful  flowers  that  ever  beautified  the  field  or 
adorned  the  home  of  a  country  gentleman.  This  is  what  the 
Carolina  farmers  cm  do,  and  I  leave  it  to  the  better  judgment 
of  the  home  seeker  as  to  whether  it  will  pay,  with  a  trunk 
line  railroad  in  readiness  to  transport  every  product  quickly 
to  market. 

Cotton,  of  course,  is  one  of  the  principal  crops  of  this 
tion,  but  while  growing  cotton  the  farmers  have  been  i 
edin  improving  their  farms  and  developing  a  diversity  in  ag- 
riculture which  has  been  of  enormous  advantage      The  coun- 
try of  which  I  write  is  white  with  cotton  in  the  picking 
son.  while  it  pro  onsiderable  part  of  the  peanuts,  to- 

bacco, small  units,  hay,  rice  and  melons  shipped  annually 
from  the  Southern  States.  Cotton  is  king  in  this  region,  but 
it  is  only  one  of  the  monarchs  in  the  North  Carolina  faemers' 
court. 

•\  tobacco  man  know-  that  the  soil  and  climate  of 
North  Carolina  is  the  best  in  the  world  for  the  cultivation  of 
high-grade  tobaccos.  That  incomparably  fine  product  known 
a-  "Virginia  Brights"  is  grown  <>nlv  in  the  old  North  State, 
and  now  it  has  been  demonstrated  that  fine-  Havana-seed  to- 
rown  in  tin  Caroiinas.  Tobacco  in  the  hands 
of  industrious  and  intelligent  planters  is  an  immensely  valu- 
able crop,  and  when  all  the  difficulties  of  curing  and  preparing 
for  the  market  have  been  surmounted,  the  territory  Kin-  be- 
tween Norfolk  and  Atlanta  will  stand  forth  preeminently  as 
the  banner  tobacco  producing  section  of  the  Southern  States. 
The  annual    product   of  North   Carolina  alon  »o,ooo 

pounds  of  leaf  each  •  0   pounds   of  which  find  a 

:n  the  markets  ol  the  State,  where  prices  ranging 


_    , .    ,  A  No?th  Carolina  Vineyard. 

By  kindness  ol 

Southern  Statb6  Magazikb. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

50a  pound  are  sometimes  secured,  and  where 
grades  properly  cured  bring  good  prices  whenever  offered  in 
the  warehouses  of  Durham  and  other  points  accessible  to  the 

\  er. 
tain  fertilizers  must  be  used,  but  when  the  soil  is  naturally 
.1  the  plant  grows  too  rank  and  like  that  fine  flavor  and 
color  so  much  desired.  What  tobacco  most  needs  is  constant 
and  patient  care,  and  the  exercise  of  intelligence  in  growing 
and  curing  it.  On  almost  every  farm  of  any  size  there  is  a 
patch  of  ground  well  adapted  to  tobacco,  and  as  the  cultiva- 
tion of  such  a  patch  fits  in  well  with  other  general  farm  work, 
small  fa-Ids  of  it  can  l>c  planted  as  a  side  ciop,  and  the  ready 
cash  which  the  product  is  sure  to  bring  i-*  no  small  consider- 
ationtothe  farmer.  Raising  tobacco  is  no  more  difficult  than 
ordinary  truck  farming,  and  an  intelligent  person  can  soon 
learn  the  whole  secret  of  cutting    and    curing  the  crop.       The 

chief  difficulty  in  the  past  has  been  entrusting  this  important 
part  of  the  work  to  ignorant  and  incompetent  farm  laborers. 
Tobacco  is  an  all  season  crop,  being  planted  in  May  and,  by 
the  new  process  of  curing  the  leaves  as  they  mature,  i>  not  en- 
tirely gathered  until  frost  kills  the  stalk.  The  exact  « 
producing  tobacco  cannot  be  readily  estimated,  hut  it  is  safe 
to  state  that  the  cash  receipts  for  a  fair  crop  are  double  the 
actual  expenditures,  and  that  the  more  time  and  money  ju- 
diciously given  to  the  crop  the  greater  will  he  the  profits  and 
the  -mailer  the  proportionate  expense  of  production.  Prices 
vary  also,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  arrive  at  actual  figures,  hut 
I  crop  i^  always  profitable  and  sometimes  it  pays  enor- 
mously— as  much  a-  S,V'M  to  $500  net  per  a 


CLIMATE  OF  NORTH   CAROLINA. 

[From  tli.-  Handbook  of  North  Carolina.] 

It  will  lie  conceded  without  question  that  the  influence  of 
climate  on  human  progress  is  supreme,  because,  in  its  happy 
or  adverse  conditions,  are  involved  all  that  rel  uifort, 

health,  energy  and   success   in   the  occupations  which  enlist 
human  effort      The  regions  that    most  abound  in  fertil< 
exuberant  vegetation,  anil   which    favor  the  production  of  the 
most  valued  and   most  profitable  subjects  ofagricultm 
those  that  most  often  have  those  treasures  closed  against  the 

efforts  of  industry  by  those  extremes  of  heat  and  those  excesses 


86  HAND-BOOK  OF  DURHAM,    N.    C. 

of  moisture  against  which  the  physical  frame  of  the  cultivator 
is  unable  to  contend;  and  the  most  prolific  lands  of  the  most 
abounding  regions  of  the  world  are  so  oppressed  with  heat, 
saturated  with  moisture,  or  poisoned  with  miasma,  as  to  make 
the  attainment  of  their  treasures  the  evidences  of  their  cost 
in  vigor,  health,  or  of  life  itself 

That  land  is  a  happy  one  which  enjoys  the  just  mean  be- 
tween cold  and  heat,  drought  and  moisture,  arctic  sterility 
and  tropical  exuberance;  a  land  in  which  energies  are  stimu- 
lated by  the  bracing  breath  of  a  tempered  atmosphere,  cool 
enough  to  inspire  physical  action  and  elastic  vigor;  warm 
enough  to  assure  the  rewards  of  labor  by  the  certainties  of 
healthful  maturity  and  abundant  yields  as  returns  for  the 
labors  bestowed,  carried  on  under  the  happy  conditions  of  a 
genial  air,  a  friendly  sun,  and  of  a  responsive  soil. 

Such  are  the  conditions  which  North  Carolina  enjoys,  with 
no  portion  of  it  either  too  cold  on  the  one  hand  or  too  hot  on 
the  other  to  obstruct  work  at  any  season  of  the  year,  while  at 
the  same  time  presenting  most  remarkable  apposition  of  the 
high  temperature  atmosphere  of  the  North  and  the  balmy 
breath  of  the  semi-tropical  South.  In  passing  from  east  to 
west,  from  the  low  lands  of  the  cost,  only  a  little  above  the 
tide,  to  the  high  summits  of  the  mountains,  a  mile  or  more 
above  the  sea,  there  is  found  the  same  gradation  in  tempera- 
ture, in  soil,  in  products,  as  if  the  same  territory,  instead  of 
stretching  from  east  to  west  over  a  number  of  degrees  of  lon- 
gitude, had  extended  itself  from  south  to  north  over  the  same 
number  of  degrees  of  latitude,  thus  giving  to  the  State  not 
only  a  soil  which  gives  something  of  every  product  yielded 
by  all  the  other  parts  of  the  United  States,  but  a  climate  not 
alone  favorable  to  its  own  people,  but  inviting  the  invalid 
from  every  other  part  of  the  country,  North,  South,  East  and 
West,  to  seek  under  its  recuperative  influences  the  blessings 
of  renewed  health,  the  restaration  of  impaired  vigor,  or  the 
arrest  of  insidious  ailments. 

The  eastern  margin  of  the  State  is  thrust  far  out  into  the 
ocean  and  brought  within  the  soft  influences  of  the  Gulf 
Stream,  assuring  thereby  not  only  the  vegetation  of  a  more 
southern  latitude  and  its  earlier  and  more  rapid  development 
— an  important  element  in  the  success  ot  the  now  great  inter- 
est of  truck  farming — but  of  a  climate  so  modified  by  a  not 
excessive  degree  of  heat  and  moisture  as  to  be  more  constantly 


88  HAND-BOOK   OF   DURHAM,    N.    C. 

mild  and  genial,  if  somewhat  more  debilitating,  than  that 
.enjoyed  in  the  interior  or  far  west.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
western  margin  lifts  itself  up  to  such  hights  as  to  gain  all  the 
advantages  of  a  high  latitude — a  cooler  climate,  more  invig- 
eration,  and  a  genial  healthfullness  not  surpassed  on  any  por- 
tion of  the  globe.  Intermediately  lies  that  great  zone,  between 
the  coast  and  the  Mountain  Section,  emphatically  a  warm  and 
genial  temperate  zone,  with  neither  extremes  of  heat  or  cold, 
with  a  healthfulness  unequalled  over  so  exensive  a  territory, 
and  with  such  general  favoring  conditions  of  soil  and  climate 
as  to  emphasize  its  special  adaptation  for  the  perfection  of 
all  the  grains,  field  crops  and  fruits  of  the  temperate  zone. 


THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  STATE. 

I  From  the  Handbook  of  North  Carolina.] 

This  is  a  topic  of  interest  to  the  people  of  North  Carolina 
from  the  marked  fact  of  their  present  homogeniousness,  ex- 
cepting, of  course,  the  important  and  large  element  of  the  Af- 
rican race,  and  the  smaller  and  inferior  remnant  of  the  abo- 
riginal Indian,  still  in  possession  of  a  large  territory  in  the 
western  part  of  the  State,  and  the  still  smaller  body  of  half- 
breeds  known  as  the  Croatans,  occupving  a  part  of  Robeson 
County,  and  believed,  fancifully  or  otherwise,  to  be  the  de- 
scendants of  the  lost  members  of  the  lost  colony  of  Captain 
John  White,  the  first  effort  at  permanent  settlement  made  by 
Anglo-Saxon  whites  on  the  American  continent.  The  whites 
of  this  State,  now  so  intermingled  and  blended  by  intermar- 
riage and  industrial  intercourse  as  to  present  between  them 
few  distinctive  traits  of  their  origin,  are  the  descendants,  medi- 
ately or  immediately,  of  the  dominant  European  races  coming 
directly  to  our  shores,  but  more  largely  the  off-shoots  of  the 
northern  colonies  grown  populous  and  powerful  enough  to  in- 
dulge in  that  early  development  of  the  American  characteristic, 
love  of  change  and  adventure,  or  the  more  practical  motive  or 
bettering  their  condition  by  the  acquirement  of  new  lands, 
unrestricted  in  limit,  of  nearly  nominal  cost,  and  with  the 
fame  of  unbounded  fertility  and  unequalled  salubrity. 

In  1709  the  Baron  De  Graffenreid,  with  a  colony  of  Swiss, 
established  himself  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Neuse  and 
Trent,  and  there  founded  the  present  city  of  Newbern — a  set- 
tlement destined  to  be  permanent,  but  of  slow  growth,  and  re- 


go  HAND-BOOfc  OF   DURHAM,    N.    C. 

ceiving  few  farther  accessions  from  the  native  land  of  the 
founder. 

A  small  colony  of  Huguenots  found  a  refuge  from  persecu- 
tion in  the  same  section,  but,  beyond  the  impress  of  their 
principles  and  their  names,  contributed  only  in  small  degree 
to  the  settlement  of  North  Carolina. 

Perhaps  the  largest  bodies  ot  Europeans  coming  approxi- 
mately at  one  times  and  constituting  a  distinctive  foreign  el- 
ement, was  the  Scotch  or  Highland  colony,  which  occupied 
the  country  along  the  upper  waters  of  the  Cape  Fear,  now 
known  as  the  counties  of  Bladen,  Cumberland,  Moore,  Rob- 
eson, Richmond  and  Harnett.  These  came,  some  voluntarily, 
most  of  them  by  compulsion,  after  the  disastrous  defeat  of 
Culloden  in  1746.  They  have  also  blended  with  the  other 
European  families,  but  still  retain  in  marked  degree  their 
natural  characteristics  of  piety,  morality,  and  care  of  education. 

The  Lords  Proprietors,  through  their  influen:es  and  induce- 
ments offered,  added  to  the  population,  which,  however,  came 
in  singly  or  in  groups  and  increased  slowly,  though  early  in 
the  colonial  history  making  the  Eastern  Section  the  most 
prosperous  in  the  State. 

The  location  of  his  large  colony  of  Moravians  by  Count 
Zinzendorff,  in  1754,  in  the  present  county  of  Forsyth,  is  the 
only  instance  of  attempted  complete  isolation,  of  the  seclu- 
sion of  an  entire  colony,  and  the  culture  of  peculiar  ideas  and 
creeds — ideas  and  creeds  more  in  harmony  with  the  real  aim 
and  ends  of  a  pure  Christianity  than  human  philanthrophy 
has  often  aimed  to  put  in  practical  force.  This,  like  all  other 
colonies,  has  in  process  of  time  blended  with  the  great  mass, 
but  with  the  distinct  and  triumphant  survival  of  its  nobler 
characteristics — benevolence,  integrity,  devotion  to  morality, 
religion  and  education, and  that  untiring  energy  which  brought 
prosperity  to  the  wilderness  colony,  and  future  increase  of 
growth  and  wealth  to  those  fine  towns,  Winston  and  Salem, 
the  matured,  or  rather  still  growing  and  maturing  outgrowths 
of  the  simple,  pious  unambitious,  religious  Moravian  colony. 

Of  the  negro  population  it  suffices  to  say  that  it  is  chiefly 
descended  from  the  slaves  capiured  in  former  years  in  Africa, 
and  introduced  into  the  South  by  English,  Dutch,  and,  in 
latter  years,  New  England  slaveships.  Importations  of  slaves 
into  North  Carolina  was  very  rare  after  the  beginning  of  this 
century.  The  increase,  therefore,  has  been  from  natural 
causes,  a  genial  climate,    a  humane  public  system  and  the 


NORTH   CAROLINA.  91 

kindly  tempers  of  the  owners,  a  temper  softened  as  much  by 
humanity — very  often  by  affection — as  it  was  influenced  bj 
interest.  Through  these  combined  causes  the  negro  popula- 
tion increased  until  it  earlj  attained  the  ratio  to  that  of  the 
whites  it  has  held  and  still  holds — about  one-third  of  the 
. 

the  emancipation  of  the  race,  the  policy  of  the  State 
government,  sustained  bj  a  just  and  humane  public  senti- 
everything  c  insistent  with  the  existence  of 
and  ineradicable  ethnical  antagonisms,  to  efface 
all  the  badges  of  former  slaver) .  The  negro  has  all  the  rights 
of  the  citizen,  and  is  secured  and  protected  in  the  exer< 
them,  with  the  same  jealous  safeguard  of  the  law  as  the  white 
citizen.  IK-  testifies  before  the  courts  without  question  as  to 
race  competency  ;  he  accumulates,  it  he  will,  property,  per- 
sonal and  real  ;  he  is  admitted  on  equal  terms  with  the  whites 
t<>  the  practice  of  the  learned  professions  ;  he  has  the  amplest 

n  in  the  exercise  of  his  religious   beliefs,  and  tin 
absolute  control  in  his  ecclesiastical  affairs.     His  infirm,  the 

deaf,   the  dumb,   the  blind  and  the  insane  are  eared  for  by  the 
State  in  institutions,  proportionately  to  the  number  of  patients, 
-  well  built,   as  costly,   and  as   well  supervised  by 
competent  heads,   as  those  of  the  whites.     His  education  is 
weli  provided  for,  and  though  he  pays  a  little  more  than  one- 
:  the  poll-tax,  and  on  one-thirtieth  of  such  property  tax 
ssigned  t<>  the  maintenance  of  the  school  fund,  his  allot- 
ment of  that  fund  is  in  proportion  to  population,  not  to  that 
of  race  contribution.     Apart   from   the  colleges,  some,  if  not 
all,  of  which  are  largely  sustained    by  contributions  from  the 
Northern  Si  ites,   the  negro  shares   in    the   Normal  Institute 
system  which  is  sustained  by   the   State.      He  holds,  also,  his 
Animal  Industrial  State  Fair,  organized  and  controlled  by  his 
own  race,  but  aided  by  annual    appropriations  from  the  State 
ury,  and   encouraged   by   the   good-will   and   active  co- 
rn <>f  the  whites,  thus  having  conspicuous  opportunity 
to  give  evidence  of  1.  3  and  his  capacity  to  maintain 

friendly  rivalry  in  the  industrial  field  with  the  dominant  race, 
population  of  North  Corolina  by  the  Census 
50  ;  by  that  of  [890,    [,617,947 — an  in- 
.It   is   classified    as    follows:     Whit' 

•  ;    Chinese,    and   Japanese,   15  ;  In- 
dians (excluding  Croatans)  1,571. 


Stone  Quarries. 


NORTH    CAROLINA.  93 

The  foreign  horn  population  is.  by  the  same  census, 
The  descendants  of  foreigners  form  a  considerable  element, 
but  theii  numbers  do  not  materially  affect  the  horaogeneous- 
ness  of  the  mass  of  population.  The  large  body  of  immi- 
grants which  annually  lodge  themselves  in  the  territory  of  the 
United  States,  direct  themselves  to  other  homes  than  are  to 
be  found  in  the  South  Atlantic  States.  The  immigration  into 
North  Carolina  is  largely  from  the  New  England,  Middle  and 
some  of  the  North-western  states,  and  gives  manv  and  much 
I  and  much  valued  accessions  to  sources  of  material  de- 
velopment 


GOVERNMENT  AND  TAXATION. 
From  the  Handbook  of  North  Carolina.] 

The  government  of  North  Carolina  is  a  pure  democracy. 
It  is  based  upon  the  will  of  the  people  as  expressed  in  the 
Constitution,  an  instrument  framed  by  them  in  their  sover- 
eign capacity  through  delegates  appointed  for  that  purpose. 
The  will  of  the  people  «  f  this  and  of  cadi  State,  when  thus 
expressed,  and  in  conformity  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States — tor  the  will  of  the  people  of  each  State  is  subordi- 
nate to  the  collective-  will  of  the  people  of  all  the  States — is 
the-  supreme  law.  The-  State  Constitution  thus  made  is  the 
measure  and  test  of  all  laws  passed  by  the-  Legislature,  and 
these  laws  must  stand  or  fall  by  their  agreement  or  disa- 
ment  with  it. 

The-  Con  titution  is  a  short  instrument  bul  wide  in  its 
and  bearing.  It  contains  a  brief  statement  <>t  the 
fundamental  principles  of  civil  and  individual  liberty,  creates 
the-  different  departments  of  government — Executive,  Legis- 
lative and  Judicial — and  prescribes  the-  powers  ofeach;es- 
tablishes  educational  charitable  and  penal  institutions; 
directs  who  shall  he-  liable-  to  duty  in  militia;  and  prescribes 
the-  rights  of  citizenship. 

The  Legislature  enacts  laws.  The  Judician  passes  upon 
them  when  a  question  arises  as  to  their  constitutionality,  and 
expounds  them  when  a  question  is  presented  as  to  their 
meaning.  Tin-  execution  of  the-  law  is  entrusted  to  the-  Ex- 
ecutive. The-  Executive  in  this  State  possesses  no  veto  upon 
ts  of  the-  Legislature.  When  the-  law  is  once-  made,  his 
duty,  as  that  of  every  other  citizen,  is  obedience  in  his  sphere. 


NORTH    CAROLINA.  95 

The  rights  of  citizenship  is  the  only  point  for  consideration 
od  these   depend  upon    age,   residence   and  previous 

citizenship.  .  . 

A  citizen  of  a  foreign  country   can   make  himself  a  citizen 
here  bv    becoming  a  resident;  declaring  before   the    i 
tribunal  his  purpose  to  become  a  citizen;  and  taking  the  pre- 
scribed oath  of  allegiance. 

A  citizen  of  any  other  of  tin-   United  States  becomes  a  citi- 
zen here  by  changing   his  residence  from    that  State  to  this. 
All  persons   who  an-   born   and  continue   to  reside  within 

5l  ite  an-  citizens  thereof. 
The  chief  privilege  of  citizenship  is  suffrage.     The  Con- 
stitution ordains  that,  "every  male  person  born  in  the  United 
and  every  male    person  \vh<>  has   been    naturalized, 
twenty-one  years  old,   or   upward,    who  shall  have  resided  in 
ite    twelve   months   next   preceding  tin-  election,  and 
ninety  days  in  the    county   in    which   he  offers  to  vote,  shall 
hi-  deemed  an  elector. 

Suffrage  here  embraces   the    right  t«»   vote  for  ever)  ol 
in  the  State  from  tin-  Governor  down  to  constable.    One  only 
exception  to  the  principle  exists   in  this  State— that  is  in  the 
Justices  of  the   Peace.     These  arc-  appointed   bv  the 
tun       Logical   consistency  was  sacrificed  in  this 
ure  what,    in    the-   judgment    of  the    Convention,  was  a 
>f  far  higher  importance,    namely,    the  sound  adminis- 
tration of  justice    in    tin-   county,  and  the   administrati 
count)  both  of   which  an-  uudei    the  control  of  the 

s.      In  mam  of  the  eastern   counties  the  colored  popu- 
lation predominates.      NYwh    emerged  from  si 
and  consequently  ignorant  of  the  duties  of  citizenship; 

f  the  law    and   therefore  incapable  of  administering  it; 
themselves  without  property  and   therefore  without  the  judg- 
ment mecessan    to   administei    tin-  finances  of  a  community; 
med  best   to   respose  the  power  of  mak 
m   another  body;  thus  guarding    those  communities 
against   error,    whether  of  ignoranct   or  design,   until 

and   education  should   mak.    thos 
safe  ,,  mch   power.     This  provision  <>!  the  Con- 

stitution  was  inspired   1>\    no  led-  rd  the 

1    man;    it   was  a  provision  ol  safi  ty  as   well 
I  as  the  white  man.     The   provision   was  mad<  iinpai 
tial  in  its  operation;  it   applies  to  ever)  county  in  tru 

whether  the  majority  he    white    or    black,    and  the  object  was 


96  HAND-BOOK    OF    DURHAM,    N.    C. 

secured.  No  such  provision  was  necessary  in  the  cases  of 
officers  elected  by  general  ticket,  for  there  the  experience  of 
the  white  population  accustomed  to  the  exercise  of  citizen- 
ship and  educated  to  its  responsibilities  would  counterbalance 
the  inexperience  of  tb.2  colored  race. 

Citizenship  under  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina 
carries  with  it  high  and  important  rights  apart  from  suffrage. 
It  confers  a  right  to  an  education  by  the  State,  such  as  will 
qualify  the  citizen  for  the  duties  to  be  performed.  If  he  be 
without  property ,  it  gives  him  a  right  to  support  from  the 
county,  if  incapable  of  earning  it  by  sickness  or  old  age.  If 
he  have  property  and  is  overtaken  by  irremedial  misfortune, 
it  exempts  from  execution  personal  property  to  the  value  of 
five  hundred  dollars,  and  vests  in  the  owner  in  fee-simple  the 
homestead  and  the  dwellings  and  the  buildings  used  there- 
with not  exceeding  in  value  one  thousand  dollars,  to  be 
selected  by  him.  The  unfortunate  have  thus  a  secure  refuge 
in  case  of  disaster  in  business. 

It  regulates  taxation  by  providing  that  the  General  Assem- 
bly levying  a  tax  shall  state  the  object  to  which  it  is  to  be 
applied,  and  enjoins  that  it  be  applied  to  no  other  purpose. 
It  establishes  an  equation  between  the  property  and  the  cap- 
itation tax  by  directing  that  the  capitation  tax  levied  on  each 
citizen  shall  be  equal  to  the  tax  on  property  valued  at  three 
hundred  dollars  in  cash.  The  capitation  tax  is  levied  on 
every  male  inhabitant  in  the  State  over  twenty-one  and  under 
fifty  years  of  age,  and  shall  never  exceed  two  dollars  on  the 
head.  The  effect  of  this  limitation  upon  the  capitation  tax 
restricts  the  tax  on  each  hundred  dollars  worth  of  property  to 
sixty-six  and  two-thirds  cents.  It  further  directs  that  the 
amount  levied  for  county  purposes  shall  not  exceed  the  double 
of  the  State  tax,  except  for  a  special  purpose  and  with  the 
approval  of  the  Legislature. 

The  rate  of  State  tax  now  levied  for  the  present  year  is  28 
cents  on  one  hundred  dollars  valuation,  besides  15  cents  for 
school  purposes.  In  addition  there  are  taxes  levied  on  cer- 
tain pursuits,  industries  and  interests  devoted  to  certain  pur- 
poses, some  in  aid  of  the  general  school  fund,  some  for 
pensions. 


Advertisements. 


97 


The  Man  in  the  Moon 

would  be  happier  if  he  could  have  a  supply  of 


Coo) 
Fragrant 

i ral  Soothing 


Blackwell's  Bull  Durham 
Smoking  Tobacco 

ror  over  twenty -five  years  tne  standard  smotcing  ropacco  or  me  wunu. 

To-day  More  Popular  than  Ever. 
To  hav?  a  good  smoke  anytime  and  everytime  it  is  only  necessary  to 
get  Bull  Durham.     It  is  all  good  and  always  good. 

BLACKWELL'S     DURHAM  '  TOBACCO    CO., 
DURHAM.  N.  C. 


H.  J.  Brown  Coffin  House. 


J.  W.  BROWN,  Proprietor 
3/ intent!  Jlii'crto*  itntl  lrmliiiliiici;. 

Telegraph  orders  Promptly  Aitsnded  to  Day  or  Night. 

EALEI3H,  1ST.  C. 


Advertisements. 


JSO,  M,  WYATI, 

MANUFACTURER  OF   AND  DEALER  IN 

Buggies,  Carts, 
Harness,  Saddlery, 

Shoe  Findings,  &c. 

DURHAM,  N.  C. 


WORTHAM  WOODEN  MILLS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF- 


SASH,  DOORS,  BLINDS,  k  HOUSE  FURNISHING  WIATERIALS. 


We  do  nothing  but  First- Class   Work. 
G.  C.  FARTHING,     -      -      -      -     President  &  Manager, 

TRIMITg  i  COLLEGE, 

DURHAM,   NORTH    CRROIilNfl. 

Five  departments  of  instruction,  each  in  charge  of  specialists, 
i)  Department  of  Philosophy  and  Letters,   leading  to  A.  B. 
Degree. 

2)  Scientific  Department,  leading  to  B.  S. 

3)  Theological  Department,  leading  to  B.  D: 

4)  Technical   Department,   leading  to  three  engineering  de- 
grees.     School  of  Pharmacy. 

5)  Department  of  History,  Political  and  Social  Science,  lead- 
ing to  Ph.  B. 

School  of  Finance  and  Economy  for  higher  education  of 
business  men,  leading  to  Ph.  B. 

Catalogue  of  special  bulletins  relating  to  any  department 
sent  free  on  application  to  the  president. 

JOHN  C.   KILGO, 

President. 


Advertisements  99 


YARBO ROUGH  *  HOUSE, 

KA.LEI3-H,  1ST.  O. 

L.  T.  BROWN,     =    =    Proprietor. 

In   Ev^ry  Particular. 


Cuisine  Service  equal  to  any  in  the  Country. 

BSFRATES  REASONABLE.-^ 


THE 


Hou^e  Furnishing  and  Decorative  AgeqciJ, 

Informs  the  public  that  it  employs  none  but  Fi>st-class  Artists,  and 
is  fully  prepared  to  execute  all  hinds  of 

Painting,  Braining  and  Decorative  Work, 

With  Wall  topers,  Stenceting,  Tiling.  Anaglypta    Linerusta,  Fresco. 

French  Applique  Relief,   Silks  aril  Painted  or  Woven 
tnd  in  the  Modern  or 
Classic  Styles. 

IF   YOU    NEED 

©ecorafi&e  •  T2?orR    or  •  jfurmsrjtwja 

of  any  hind,  let  us  give  you  an  estimate 


Advertisements. 


HARRISON   HOUSE, 

RALEIGH,     N.     C. 

Mrs.  E.  M.  HARRISON,  Proprietress. 

Located  plearanlli/  in  the  centre  of  the  city  and  pronounced  bv  the  traveling 
public  as  the  best  moderete  priced  hotel  south  of  Mason  &  Dixons's  tine. 

Terms,  $1  00  and  $1  50  Per  Day. 

Special  rates  given  to  State  and  County  Officers,  Drummers   Canvass- 
ers, Farmers'   Alliance  and  to  the  Theatrical  Profession. 
Rooms  newly  furnished  and  well  ventilated.     Table  supplied  with  all  the 
delicacies  of  the  season.     Servants  polite  and  attentive.     Meals  at  all  hours. 

DISTANCE. 
Fro<n  Raleigh  to  |  Miles  Front  Raeigh  to  \  Miles  Prom  Raleigh  to  \  Miles 

Cary,  N   C 9  Tarboro 160  Wiuston loo 

San'ford 43  Franklin,   Va 140  Keidsville Iu6 

Fayettevi  1e 80  Portsmouth,  Va 177  Greensboro 82 

Southern  Piues, 19  Petersburg,  Va 150  Chapel  Kill 45 

Hamlet 97  Richmond,  Va 173  Durham 26 

Charlotte 175  Danville,  Va 129  Washington.  D    C.   .    .    .  295 

Shelby 229  Waynesville,  N.  C 311  Baltimore,  Md 335 

Frankliuton 27  Charleston,   S.  C 342  Philadelphia,  Pa 424 

Henderson 44  Warm  Springs 302  New  York 521 

Weidon 97  Asheville 272  Atlanta,  Ga 443 

Goldsboro 49  Morgauton 210  Charleston,  S.  C 345 

New   Hern, 109  Hick   rv 180  Columbia,  S.  C 280 

Morchead 144  Staiesville 155  New  Orleans,  La 937 

Wilmington 132  Salisbury 13^  Jacksonville,    Fla 763 

Rocky  Mount 89  High  Point 96 

zbtxiXjOD  tt:p  home 

—  BY 

Patronizinq  Home  Enterprise. 


MALLORY  DURHAM  CHEROOT  CO., 

3DXJR.PIA.IwI,   1ST.    C, 
ARE  MANUFACTURING  AS  FINE 

Cigars,  Cheroots  ano  Cigavros 

AS  CAN  BE  FOUND  ON  THE  MARKET. 

THEIR  LEADING  BRANDS  ARE  : 

"BELLE  OF  DURHAM."  A  Dime  Cigar  for  a  Nickle.     Hand-made  Havana  filled. 
"BLACKWELL'S    DURHAM."  A   very  mild   Nickle  Cigar.  Sumatra  wrapper,  long 

filler  Havana.  Hand-made  in  honor  of  Col.  Buck  Blackwell, 
"  JULE  CARR  "  A  five  cent  Cigar    Sumatra  wrapper,  Hand-made.  Havana  filled.     A 

sure  winner,  named  in  honor  to  Col.  J.  S.  Cair,  Pres.  Blackwell  Durham  Tob.  Co. 

"  LITTL  E  S  a  DIE  '*  Cigarros,  10  for  10  cents. 

"OI_L>  CHUNK'S''  Cheroots  5  for  10  cents.     The  finest  smoke  for  the  money. 
"OLD  (NORTH  S  I  ATE"  Cheroots  3  for  5  cents.     A  hummer  that  always  pleases. 
Stick  to  home  and  send  us  your  orders.     Special  brands  put  up  when  desired.  Address, 

Mallory  Durham  Cheroot  Co., 

DURHAM    N.   C. 


Advertisements. 

S- A.  L. 
Seaboard  A«r  L'ne, 

ai:.s  iLUTELY  THE 

Fastest  Freight   and  Passenger  Route, 

TO  AND  FROM  ALL  POINTS    ™Ottb,  SOUlD, 

East  m\b  IXlcst 

OWNING  AND  OPERATING 

"The   Atlanta  Special" 

The  Fastest  Train  in  the  South. 


COMPOSED    OF 


Pullman   Buffet    Drawing  Room 

SLEEPERS  and  DAY  COACHES,  VESTIBULE!)  THROUGHOUT. 


ALSO  THE 


INTERSTATE    EXPRESS  FREIGHT, 

RUNNING  SOLID  BETWEEN 

PORTSMOUTH  AND  ATLANTA. 

TVw  mi  L- !>v  the  above  trains  is  unequalled.      The.S 

is  Unsurpassi  <i. 
The  Seaboard  Air  Line  is  now  operating  Double  Daily  Pas- 
senger trains  connecting  at 
■l:  -its  South  and  West  and  at 

Weldon  and  Portsmouth  lor  all  Points  North  and  East. 
irthar  information,  apply  to 

dent,  JOHN  II.  WINDER,  Genl  Manager 

stnonth,  \  a  \il ,,  • 

T  J    ANI" '■  II    W    i;  QLOVEB 

i,i   Agent 
Portamontl 

R.   I.  CHEATHAM,  Agent,  Durham,  X.  C. 


io2  Advertisements. 


W.  H.  w;llard,  s  f.  tomlinson, 

President.  Secretary  &  Treasurer. 

The  R.  F.  Morris  &  Son  Manufacturing  Co. 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

"EmW  •  Durhanj  •  {Smolpig  ♦  Tobacco, 

SWEET,  AND  PLAIN  STRONG  SNUFFS. 


Give  our  goods  a  trial  and  you  will  be  convinced  that  nothing 
on  the  market  is  superior. 

ROYALL  &  BORDEN, 

—MANUFACTURERS  OF— 

Suits,  Bureaus,  Bedsteads,  Safes,  Mattresses, 

HARD  AND  SOFT  WOOD, 

GOLDSBORO,    N.    C. 

Branch  Houje  buRHAn,  N.  C. 
Write  for  Catalogue  and  Prices. 

Baby  Carriage  Catalogue  now  ready. 


Advertisements,  103 

RAWLS    NEW  YORK  CASH  STORE. 

119    EAST    MAIN    STREET, 
IS   111 1.  \(  KNOWL1  1  G]  D 

Headquarters  in  Durham 

—  1  -. 
Dry  Goods,  Notions,  Hats.  Shoes    Tinware,  &c. 

GKTEEO    3z    THOMAS, 

Druggists   and  Pharmacists, 

Corner  Alain  &  Mangum  Sts.  Durham,  N.  C. 

A  Large  and  Varied  Assortment  of  Fancy  and  Toilet  Articles. 

Cl<JAR5    ^B   5M0KER5    QoOD5. 

pounded  both  Day  or  Night. 

THE  CHEEK  FURNITURE  CO, 

Furniture,  Carpets,  Lamps,  Clocks,  Baby  Carriages,  Window  Shades, 

Dinner  and  Tea  Sets,  Washstand  Sets,   Tin  Toilet  Sets, 

Pictures,   Easlcs,   Mirrors, 

THEY  ARE  UP  TO  DATE  IN  STILES. 

Lowest  Cajm  M°(jse   Easiest  IruTALnEirr. 

102     Main     Street. 

TR1T     TiEIIEIM:. 


Z.  I.  LYON  &  CO,,  TOBACCO  WORKS, 


u  Tl   Rj 


Granulated  Smoking  Tobacco  i  Cheroots, 

(    "Cut  and  Slash,"  "Pride,"  AN" 

Our  Leaders:  "Pick  Leaf,"  Tobaccos,  AND 

I      "Cut  and  Slash"    Cheroots. 

G-i^e    Tliess    Erands    a,   Trial. 


io4 


Advertisements. 


Albert    Kramer, 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

gRiGBT  •  Lehf  •  Tobacco, 

For  Export  and  Home  Trade. 

DURHAM,  N.   C. 


W.   A.   SLATER  CO., 

MENS'  m  and  m  BOYS9  o  OUTFITTERS, 
Clothing,  Furnishings, 

Shoes  and  Hats, 

n..~    C«^S„1+*r.    CHILDREN'S  ALL=WOOL  SUITS, 

Our  Specialty:        with  2  pairs  Pants  $3  50> 

Sent  anywhere  in  the  United  States,  on  receipt  of  price. 


Life, .  .  . 
Fire,  .  .  . 
Tornado, . . 
Accident, . . 
Fidelity, .  . . 
Employers, 
Liability. 


W.  J.  QRL5W0LD, 
INSURANCE, 

100  West  Main  Street,  Durham,  N.  C. 


None  but  Reliable  Companies  Represented. 

See  me  when  in  need  of  any  kind  of  Insurance. 


WHEN    YOT7    "WAIsTX 

•^i@oo^    or  <§)t&tioneryU^ 

SEND    TO 

Alfred  •  Williams  ♦  &  •  Company, 

BOOKSELLERS  ™B  STATIONERS, 

RALEIGH,     N.    C. 
Catalogue  free  on  application. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 


Advertisements.  i<>- 


J.    K.   tilacknall.  J.    I.    I'mmv,  Jss.    \V.    Walker, 

President  ul, 


Durham  Soap  Works, 


TDTJFlttATSA,    1ST.    c. 


MM  I  li  II  i;t 


\    Fine  Laundry  Soap,  and  .   .    . 
•  A  Superior  Cotton  Softener 


:fo:r 

COTTON  *  MILLS. 

SOUTH EK/N    RAILWACJ, 

THE  GREAT  TRUNK   LINE 

AM) 

U.    S.     MAIL-    route: 

NORTH,     SOUTH,     EAST    AND     WEST, 

Dger  trains  daily  to  Washington.  Baltimore.  Philadelphia.  New 
York  and  all  points  Baal     Three  passenger  trains  dail)  fo«  Atlanta.  Birmingham,  Mem 

phis.   Chattanooga.    Montgomery,   .Mobile,  New   Orleans,   and  points  Sol   rH  and   WEST 

TH:     SHD3T    LINE    TO    FLO-IDA. 

••The    New    York  and   Florida,   Short   Line   Limited"    runs    s.  lid    beta 
lie  and  St   Augustine,  arithout  change  carrying  fit st-class  da)  • 
Washington  and  SI     Augustine,   Pullman  Palace  Drawnngroom  and  L'ompartmeut  Cars 
petwceti  New  y  lie  and  SI    Augustine,  also  Pullman  Pals 

bet  wen  New  York  and    i  .1  m  j.  * .  and  Dining  Cars  between  New  York  and  SI   Augualiue. 

TH       WASHINGTON    AND    SOUTHWESTERN    VESTIBULED    LIMITED 

Thia  train  ia  composed  entirely  of  Pullman    Pals  epingandDin 

tigns, 

For  Speed,   I  u\ur>.  comfort  and  Safety,  Our  Service  cannot  be  Kxcelled. 
Call  on  any  Agent  Southern  Hallway  for   Rates,  Tun.   tables  Sec. 

w    a    GR]  u    a    TURR   Gei 

Washington,  i>    C 
J    \f    iti.iv  Traffic  Man  gi  a  H    H  \ki>\\  : 

Washington  Allanl 

CHAD    I..  UOPKINB,  Ti 


io6  Advertisements. 


W.  DUKE,  SONS  &  CO.,  BRANCH 

OF 

THE  AMERICAN  TOBACCO  CD, 

—MANUFACTURERS   OF  — 


@ ^  y^^^         <Q^ 


CIGARETTES   %\  SMOKING  TOBACCO. 


Nothing  guT  Pure  $oods  {V^hde. 

HANAGINQ  DIRECTORS:  OFFICE  AND  FACTORY: 

GeoNwDwatts,  DURHAM,  H.  C. 


L.  A.  CARR,  J.  S.  CARR,  S.  T.  nORGAN, 

President.  Vice-President.  Sect  and  Treas. 

Durham  Fertilizer  Co., 


nANUFACTURERS    OF 

HIGH  GRADE  AMMONIATED  FERTILIZERS.  ACID  PHOSPHATES 

AND  FERTILIZING  MATERIALS. 


nAIN   OFFICE: 

DURHAM,  N.  C. 


FACTORIES: 

DURHAM,  N.  C. 
RICHMOND,  VA. 


Advertisements.  107 


\v.   1  = 

ni 


i 

■DURHAM.       N  e. 

MAM    I 


Brown  Sheeting,  Domets  and  Chamhrays. 

Large  Capacity    Great  Improvem ants. 

-SAMPLE     CAPITAL. -^^ 

GBO    W    WAT  rs,  .  W.  11    BRANSON,  S 

The  Pearl  Cotton  Mills, 

DURHAM,     N.     C. 

man  ■  1  ac  1 1  ki:rs  of 

-${  EXTRA  Wl PR  SHEETING.fr- 


New  Mill.    Latest  Improved  Machinery. 

The  Educator  Company, 

ZD xj  Ft  k  -A.  ivr ,  isr.  c. 
PRINTERS,    PUBLISHERS    AND    gINDERS. 


BOOK     WORK 

of  Every  Description  Executed  With  Nearness  and  Despatch. 


Bank,  Warehouse  and  Fact°ry  Work  a  Jpecialty, 


GIVE    US    A    TRIAL.    ORDER. 


io8  Advertisements. 


ZE3L  MAHLER, 

Watches  *  and  *  Jewelry, 

-SILVER- 

-AND- 


*  Silver  flMateb  Mare, 

Clocks,  Diamonds. 

228  Fayetteville  Street, RALEIGH,  N.  C. 

MISS  MAGGIE  REESE, 

209   Fayetteville  St., 
"R.  .A. LEIGH ,      1ST.     O 

0 


MILLINERY .  AND  >  FANCY 

WOOLS,  ZEPHYRS 


3£mbroi6eti>  /Ifcaterials  &c. 

Orders  From  a  Distance  Will  Receive  Prompt  Attention. 


THOMAS  H.  BRIGGS  &  SONS, 

ZR^ILjIEICrlES:.  3ST.  c. 

HARDWARE, 

CUTLERY,  GUNS,  PISTOLS,  SHELLS,  WADS, 

SASH,   DOORS,   BLINDS, 

PAINTS,    OILS,    GLASS, 

LIME,   PLASTER,    CEMENT. 

BEST    GOODS, 

LOWEST    PRICES, 

SQUARE    DEALING. 


Advertisements.  109 


B.  N.  in  m     PnsMaal  JNO.  P.  WILY.  CuHir. 

THE  FIDELITY  BA/NK, 

DURHAM,    N.    C. 

Capital  $1C0,000.C0, Surplus,  $30,0C0.00. 


II. 1-  unple  facilities  for  every  reasonable  accommodation. 

Solicits  Business  from  every  section  of  the  United  Slates 

C.   C.   TAYLOR, 

DEALER    IN 

TINWARE.  STOVES.  COOKING  UTENSILS,  LIPS,  &C. 


Every  Variety  of  Tinsmith  Work  Done  on  .Short  Notice 
and  at  Reasonable  Prices. 

FOJR. 

PICTURE -FRAMES,   WINDOW  SHADES 

ARTIST  MATERIALS. 

ORDER  FROM 

FRED     A.     WATSON'S 

PICTURE    AND    ART    STORE, 

RALEIGH,     N.     O. 

fSTPKM-i:-.  Satis*  ictory. 

"\*7\    ZE3I.    McCABE, 

Insurance  Bgencg, 

When  in  need  <>f  Fire,  Life,  Accident,  Steam  Boiler,  Plate 
1  Employers'  Liability,  Use  and  Occupancy  Insurance  or 

I  of  Suretyship,  call  on  or  write-  to 

Yours  vi-rv  truly. 

W\    H.    McCABF., 

Main  Street  Durham,  N   c 


Advertisements. 


f9  IL  YEAMIBF, 
"Druggist  ®  and  ®  Seedsman, 

DURHAM,  N.  C.  and  CHAPEL  HILL,  N.  C. 

^PRESCRIPTIONS  A  SPECIALTY.;^- 


SOLE  AGENT  FOR 

fJinJIef's  BoiiBon^  aqd  (Jhocolafag. 

«s$g>£Mai/    Orde.s    Promptly    Attended    Jo. ■k^£> 

ONLY  THE  BEST  OBTAINABLE. 

DARNELL  &  TM0MA5, 

LEADING 

MUSIC  HOUSE, 

114  FayelteTilld  Street.  Raieigli,  and 
105  East  Haiti  Sleet,  i  nrhaiu,  N.  0. 

—  DEALERS  IN— 

PIANOS  AND  ORGANS. 

Best  Goods!  Lowest  Prices  !  Easiest  Terms  ! 
Sheet  Music  and  Small  Musical  Instruments. 
Sail   and   examine  Our  goods  or  send   for  cataloeue. 

JAMES  SOUTHGATE  &  SON, 

LIFE,    FIRE  AND    ACCIDENT    INSURANCE, 

I5XJI^KCA.]Vr,    1ST.    O- 


Largest  and  Best  Companies  Represented. 


Advertisements.  hi 


j    s   c\KK.  Prtisdnt.  ■'    "i   «TT 

PlRST  ^aTIONHL  gSNR; 


JDTJFtX-T  ATvl.   3ST.   O. 


1  a  Gi  ni  rai  Banking  Busini  ss. 

mmodaiion  consist  ant  with  Conservative  Hanking 
will  be  extended  its  patrons. 

PROMPT  ATTENTION  TO  COLLECTIONS. 

Durham  ®  Steam  ®  Laundry, 

231   /V\a|n   Street  "Durham,   N.   C 

G.  B.  EICHWOOD  &  CO  ,  Proprietors, 

Work    collected    and    delivered    in  every  portion  of   the    city 
FREE  OF  CHARGE. 

BEST    UJORK    DONE    IN    THE    STATE. 
.  .  .  LATEST  inPROVED  HACHINERY  THROUGHOUT  .  .  . 

AGENTS    WANTED. 

Sam'l    Kramer  &  Co., 

MA'    '  '£    OP 

-^jFINE    CIGARS,!(- 

Smoke  Phihpena  5;  re///  Cigar^  made  <>/  selected  tobacco  and 

i  an;  lied. 

DURHAM  MARBLE  WORKS, 

hdctie^iei^im:,  isr.  o„ 
R.  I.  ROGERS,     -    -    Proprietor. 

Monuments,  Tombstones,  Tablets,   Brownstone  and 
Granite  Curbings  &c, 


Microfilmed 
cniiNFT/ASERL  PROJECT 


ii2  Advertisements. 

Clotbing!  Clotbing! 

REMEMBER. WHEN  IN  NEED  OF 

#  Clothing,  ♦Shoes,  ♦  Hats  * 

AND  ALL  KINDS  OF 

FTJK,nsrisH:i^Ta-  goods 

-->>WE  AREV- 

Leaders  not  only  in  Quality  and  Low  Prices,  but  in 
Quantity  to  Select  From. 

The  only  two  story  CLOTHING  and    GENT'S  FURNISHING  GOODS 

House  in  the  City  with  both  floors  filled  with  the  most 

Desirable  Goods  to  be  found. 

Give  us  a  Look,  no  trouble  to  Show  Goods. 

T.  J".  LAMBE, 

THE  CLOTHIER  AND  GENT'S  FURNISHER. 

W.  H.  Willard,  Prest.  J.  T.  Pinmx.  Vice-Prest. 

THE  MOREHEAD BANKING  COMPANY, 

DTJRHAivr.    ]sr.    c, 


CAPITAL,  -  $200,000  OO 

SURPLUS,  and  Undivided  Profits,  -  -  $35,00000 


We  possess  every  facility  necessary  for  accommodation  and  expeditious 
and  accurate  transactions. 


Business  solicited  from  every  section  of  County. 

THOS.   H.  MARTIN, 

LEAF  TOBAeeO  BROKER, 

DURHAM.    N.   C. 


possesses  even?  facility  for  IbanNino  v*  Storincj. 

ALL  GRADES  BOUGHT  ON  ORDER. 


iIII7iiiiiiiiiTCHAPELH,u 

00032761084 


FOR  I  SE  ONLY  l\ 

■HI    NORTH  (   \Ko].i\\  COLLET  llo\ 


lh»i>  TlILE  HAS  BEEN  MICROFILMED 


